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AMOLED
Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) screens are a type of OLED display device technology. OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.
Since 2010, AMOLED displays have been used in mobile phones, media players, TVs, and digital cameras. Development of the technology focuses on reducing power usage, lowering manufacturing costs, and increasing screen resolutions (e.g., 8K).
An AMOLED display consists of an active matrix of OLED pixels generating light (luminescence) upon electrical activation that have been deposited or integrated onto a thin-film transistor (TFT) array, which functions as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.
Typically, this continuous current flow is controlled by at least two TFTs at each pixel (to trigger the luminescence), with one TFT to start and stop the charging of a storage capacitor and the second to provide a voltage source at the level needed to create a constant current to the pixel, thereby eliminating the need for the very high currents required for passive-matrix OLED operation.
TFT backplane technology is crucial in the fabrication of AMOLED displays. In AMOLEDs, the two primary TFT backplane technologies, polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), are currently used offering the potential for directly fabricating the active-matrix backplanes at low temperatures (below 150 °C) onto flexible plastic substrates for producing flexible AMOLED displays.
AMOLED display research was initiated by Steven Van Slyke and Ching Wan Tang, who pioneered the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology at Eastman Kodak Co. in 1979. The first AMOLED displays were introduced in late 2008, with Samsung being the first company to commercialize AMOLED displays. One of the earliest consumer electronics products with an AMOLED display was the mobile handset, BenQ-Siemens S88. In 2007, the iriver Clix 2 portable media player. In 2008 it appeared on the Nokia N85 followed by the Samsung i7110 - both Nokia and Samsung Electronics were early adopters of this technology on their smartphones.
Manufacturers have developed in-cell touch panels, integrating the production of capacitive sensor arrays in the AMOLED module fabrication process. Researchers at DuPont used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to optimize coating processes for a new solution-coated AMOLED display technology that is competitive in cost and performance with existing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. Using custom modeling and analytic approaches, Samsung has developed short and long-range film-thickness control and uniformity that is commercially viable at large glass sizes.
As of the mid-2020s, Samsung Display has established itself as the world's leading AMOLED manufacturer by both volume and revenue, producing roughly 500 million AMOLED panels annually for use in smartphones, wearables, tablets, and laptops.According to Samsung Display's own 2025 investor presentation, the company held a 46 percent share of the global smartphone AMOLED display market, based on data from the market research firm Omdia. Samsung Display has also developed ultra-thin AMOLED panels approximately 0.7 mm thick, built on an oxide thin-film-transistor backplane rather than amorphous silicon, which the company says cut power consumption by as much as 47% and, for the first time, support a flicker-free variable refresh rate as low as 1 Hz.
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AMOLED
Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) screens are a type of OLED display device technology. OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.
Since 2010, AMOLED displays have been used in mobile phones, media players, TVs, and digital cameras. Development of the technology focuses on reducing power usage, lowering manufacturing costs, and increasing screen resolutions (e.g., 8K).
An AMOLED display consists of an active matrix of OLED pixels generating light (luminescence) upon electrical activation that have been deposited or integrated onto a thin-film transistor (TFT) array, which functions as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.
Typically, this continuous current flow is controlled by at least two TFTs at each pixel (to trigger the luminescence), with one TFT to start and stop the charging of a storage capacitor and the second to provide a voltage source at the level needed to create a constant current to the pixel, thereby eliminating the need for the very high currents required for passive-matrix OLED operation.
TFT backplane technology is crucial in the fabrication of AMOLED displays. In AMOLEDs, the two primary TFT backplane technologies, polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), are currently used offering the potential for directly fabricating the active-matrix backplanes at low temperatures (below 150 °C) onto flexible plastic substrates for producing flexible AMOLED displays.
AMOLED display research was initiated by Steven Van Slyke and Ching Wan Tang, who pioneered the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology at Eastman Kodak Co. in 1979. The first AMOLED displays were introduced in late 2008, with Samsung being the first company to commercialize AMOLED displays. One of the earliest consumer electronics products with an AMOLED display was the mobile handset, BenQ-Siemens S88. In 2007, the iriver Clix 2 portable media player. In 2008 it appeared on the Nokia N85 followed by the Samsung i7110 - both Nokia and Samsung Electronics were early adopters of this technology on their smartphones.
Manufacturers have developed in-cell touch panels, integrating the production of capacitive sensor arrays in the AMOLED module fabrication process. Researchers at DuPont used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to optimize coating processes for a new solution-coated AMOLED display technology that is competitive in cost and performance with existing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology. Using custom modeling and analytic approaches, Samsung has developed short and long-range film-thickness control and uniformity that is commercially viable at large glass sizes.
As of the mid-2020s, Samsung Display has established itself as the world's leading AMOLED manufacturer by both volume and revenue, producing roughly 500 million AMOLED panels annually for use in smartphones, wearables, tablets, and laptops.According to Samsung Display's own 2025 investor presentation, the company held a 46 percent share of the global smartphone AMOLED display market, based on data from the market research firm Omdia. Samsung Display has also developed ultra-thin AMOLED panels approximately 0.7 mm thick, built on an oxide thin-film-transistor backplane rather than amorphous silicon, which the company says cut power consumption by as much as 47% and, for the first time, support a flicker-free variable refresh rate as low as 1 Hz.
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