In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z₂-graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading.

The prefix super- comes from the theory of supersymmetry in theoretical physics. Superalgebras and their representations, supermodules, provide an algebraic framework for formulating supersymmetry. The study of such objects is sometimes called super linear algebra. Superalgebras also play an important role in related field of supergeometry where they enter into the definitions of graded manifolds, supermanifolds and superschemes.

Let K be a commutative ring. In most applications, K is a field of characteristic 0, such as R or C.

A superalgebra over K is a K-module A with a direct sum decomposition

together with a bilinear multiplication A × A → A such that

where the subscripts are read modulo 2, i.e. they are thought of as elements of Z₂.

A superring, or Z₂-graded ring, is a superalgebra over the ring of integers Z.

The elements of each of the A_i are said to be homogeneous. The parity of a homogeneous element x, denoted by |x|, is 0 or 1 according to whether it is in A₀ or A₁. Elements of parity 0 are said to be even and those of parity 1 to be odd. If x and y are both homogeneous then so is the product xy and ${\displaystyle |xy|=|x|+|y|}$.