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Surprise album

A surprise album or surprise release is an album or single with little or no prior announcement, marketing, or promotion. The strategy contrasts traditional album releases, which typically feature weeks or months of advertising in the form of singles, music videos, tour announcements, and album pre-sales.

The concept of the surprise album originated in minimally publicized releases such as Radiohead's In Rainbows (2007) and became a widely adopted strategy after Beyoncé became the first artist to release an album with no prior announcement with her self-titled record (2013). The surprise-release strategy was borne out of a desire to combat music leaks and reinstate focus on the album format in an era dominated by singles and streaming, with artists subsequently emulating the approach as a marketing tactic. Analysts considered the surprise album to be an innovative strategy that transformed how music is released in the digital age. Over time, its rising dominance within the music industry led some journalists to highlight the increasing ambiguity of its definition and the variable effectiveness of artists' attempts at the move.

In 2001, the English musician David Bowie intended to reimagine some of his earlier recordings with a live band as quickly as possible and release it as a surprise. This album, Toy, was delayed several times by Bowie's label Virgin EMI Records, and eventually saw an official release in 2021. A press release from Bowie's team upon release said: "Unfortunately, in 2001 the concept of the 'surprise drop' album release and the technology to support it were still quite a few years off, making it impossible to release Toy, as the album was now named, out to fans as instantly as David wanted."

The English rock band Radiohead announced their 2007 studio album In Rainbows ten days prior to its release, which DIY magazine described as "a pretty unexpected move". Some have retrospectively characterized it as the first surprise album, while others describe it as an unconventional release strategy that preceded the surprise format. Radiohead's bassist, Colin Greenwood, said the band had several motivations, including the increased popularity of the internet as a tool for discovering music, frustrations with the traditional release and promotion format, the freedom of not being signed to a record label at the time, a desire to do something special and unique, and an interest in broadcasting their music directly to listeners globally at the same time. It also served as a countermeasure to Internet leaks of albums, which had become prevalent at the time. In Rainbows is also credited for starting the pay-what-you-want model.

After ending a tumultuous relationship with Interscope Records in 2007, the American band Nine Inch Nails independently released Ghosts I–IV and The Slip in 2008, following a two-week countdown teaser. Both were released free, with the option to purchase higher-quality digital or physical editions, and were released under a Creative Commons license to allow fans the ability to edit as they desired. The Nine Inch Nails manager, Jim Guerinot, said they hoped to pre-empt a leak and control the marketing: "Internet searches peak around the leak, not around the single or the album. By the time the album comes out, it's done."

In 2011, the American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West advertised false release dates for their collaborative album Watch the Throne, in part an effort to pre-empt leaks. This strategy inspired the singer Frank Ocean to advance the release of his first album Channel Orange (2012) one week earlier than its publicized release date.

On January 8, 2013, Bowie surprise-released the music video for the single "Where Are We Now?" on YouTube, together with an album announcement for The Next Day, to be released two months later. Bowie had recorded the album between 2011 and 2012 in secrecy, requiring personnel involved to sign non-disclosure agreements. At the time, the public was convinced that Bowie had effectively retired. Following the album announcement, The Guardian's Alexis Petridis described it as the "biggest surprise the pop industry has seen in years".

Beyoncé is credited with the invention of the surprise album with no prior announcement, leading to widespread popularization of the strategy. Beyoncé recorded her fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), in complete secrecy, working on it under a codename, sharing details with only a small circle of people, and frequently shifting the release date. The album was kept a complete secret from the general public until its release on iTunes at midnight on Friday, December 13, 2013. The album was a commercial success, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of iTunes within three days of its release, which ultimately contributed to the shifting of Global Release Day to Friday.

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