Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; EC 1.14.16.4) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5HT). 5HT is causally involved in numerous central nervous activities, and it has several functions in peripheral tissues, including the maintenance of vascular tone and gut motility.[supplied by OMIM][7]
Disabling this enzyme with drugs (especially p-chlorophenylalanine aka PCPA or Fenclonine) has allowed researchers to investigate the effects of very low serotonin levels on humans and others animals, and by extension, gain insights into the functions of serotonin systems more broadly (such as hypersexuality in rodents as well as increased aggression and hypersexuality cats following PCPA administration[8]). In rat brain, administration of a single PCPA injection resulted in the lowest level of serotonin production occurring on day 2 and returning to control values on day 7.[9] Drugs such as MDMA[10] and methamphetamine[11] have been shown to lower levels of this enzyme which may result in periods of low serotonin levels following drug use. In a study investigating the effects of Fenclonine on humans, the greatly lowered serotonin levels were associated with "fatigue, dizziness, nausea, uneasiness [anxiety], fullness in the head [a feeling of pressure in the head] paresthesias [a pricking, pins-and-needles, burning, and/or aching sensation--typically the limbs], headache, and constipation".[12]
