The Takamatsuzuka Tomb (高松塚古墳, Takamatsuzuka Kofun) is an Asuka period circular tomb [ja] burial mound, located in the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1972.

The tumulus was discovered October 1970 when villagers dug a hole to store ginger and found old cut stones. The Nara Prefectural Kashihara Archaeological Institute began archaeological excavations from March 1972 together with researchers and students from Kansai University and Ryukoku University. Due to its small size and lack of historical documentation, the tumulus was regarded as unimportant until the horizontal entry stone burial chamber was opened, at which time it was realized that this was a decorated kofun. The tumulus was designated a Special Historic Site on April 23, 1973, and the vividly colored murals were designated a National Treasure on April 17, 1974.

The tumulus had been looted during the Kamakura period, and looting holes had been opened in the south wall of the burial chamber, but the vivid colors of the murals remained, and some of the grave goods that had escaped looting were also discovered at this time. The discovery of the vividly colored murals made headlines as a rare major discovery, and the Agency for Cultural Affairs immediately began work on preservation.

The tumulus was estimated to have been built from the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 8th century based on bronze mirrors that had survived looting, but further excavations in 2005 narrowed the time frame to between 694 and 710 during the Fujiwara-kyō period.

The mound of the tomb was built of alternating layers of clay and sand. It is about 16 metres (52 ft) in diameter and 5 metres (16 ft) high.

The burial chamber is made of cut tuff stones, has a passageway on the south side, and is long in the north-south direction. The dimensions of the chamber are about 2.65 meters from north-to-south, about 1.03 meters from east-to-west, and about 1.13 meters high (all interior dimensions), making it a very small space. It has an horizontal-entrance stone coffin made by combining slabs of stone on a flat bottom stone, similar to that of the near contemporary Kitora Kofun. The few remaining fragments of the coffin placed in the stone chamber indicate that it was a lacquered wooden coffin. Excavated items include the metal fittings used in the coffin, copper nails, a large sword fitting, bronze mirror, and jewels (made of glass and amber).

The murals are on the east, west, north (rear) walls, and ceiling of the chamber, and are painted in fresco on top of a layer of plaster several millimeters thick applied to the cut stones. The subjects of the murals are human figures (groups of four male courtiers and four serving maidens in Goguryeo-style garb), the sun, the moon, the four gods, and the stars (constellations). The paintings are in full color with red, blue, gold, and silver foil).

On the east wall, from the south side, there is a group of male figures and one of the four directional dieties, the Azure Dragon, above which is the sun, and a group of female figures. On the west wall, in contrast, from the south side, there is a group of male figures, the White Tiger, above which is the moon, and a group of female figures. The group of female figures on the west wall was particularly colorful. With the exception of a few of the figures, all are carrying tools, weapons, or musical instruments, which match the belongings of the servants and other officials who lined up for the New Year's morning greeting ceremony seen in the "Jogan Ceremony." Banners of the sun, moon, and four gods are also set up at this New Year's morning greeting ceremony.