The Taymyr Peninsula (/taɪˈmɪər/ ty-MEER) is a peninsula in the Far North of Russia, in the Siberian Federal District, that forms the northernmost part of the mainland of Eurasia. Administratively it is part of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Federal subject of Russia.

The Taymyr Peninsula lies between the Yenisei Gulf of the Kara Sea and the Khatanga Gulf of the Laptev Sea.

Lake Taymyr and the Byrranga Mountains are located within the vast Taymyr Peninsula.

Cape Chelyuskin, the northernmost point of the Eurasian continent, is located at the northern end of the Taymyr Peninsula.

There are several theories about the origin of the name "Taimyr." The most widely accepted explanation is that it comes from the Evenki language, originating from the ancient Tungus word "tamura", which means "valuable, precious, rich." The Evenki people originally used this name for the Taimyr River, known for its abundance of fish. In the 19th century, thanks to the geographer and explorer Alexander von Middendorff (1815–1894), the name came to refer to the entire peninsula.

Other interpretations exist as well. For example, in Yakut, "tuoy muora" translates to "salt lake," which can also be understood metaphorically as "fertile" or "blessed," since salt is vital for the health of reindeer. Another Yakut version, "Tymyr," means "blood vessel."

In the Nenets language, "tai myarey" means "bald" or "bare," possibly in reference to the region’s low-growing tundra.

In the Nganasan language, "taa mire" translates to "reindeer pack."