Jefferson was appointed Minister to France, succeeding Benjamin Franklin. He spent several years in Paris, representing American interests and fostering diplomatic relations with the French government. His time in France exposed him to European culture, Enlightenment ideas, and the growing revolutionary fervor.

Jefferson witnessed the outbreak of the French Revolution. Initially, he supported the revolution's goals of liberty and equality. However, as the revolution became more radical and violent, his views became more nuanced. He remained a strong advocate for the rights of the French people but was increasingly concerned about the excesses of the Reign of Terror.

During his time in Europe, Jefferson carefully observed the social and political structures of European society. He was critical of aristocracy and monarchy and admired the emerging republican ideals of the French Revolution (initially). These observations solidified his commitment to republicanism and informed his political philosophy upon his return to America.

While in France, Jefferson corresponded with James Madison about the proposed United States Constitution. He expressed concerns about the lack of a bill of rights and advocated for its inclusion to protect individual liberties. His concerns significantly influenced Madison's efforts to draft and secure the ratification of the Bill of Rights.

Jefferson returned to the United States. His experiences in Europe, particularly during the French Revolution, shaped his political views and further solidified his commitment to democratic principles. He came back at an important and politically turbulent period of American history.