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Twined knitting
Twined knitting (also known as two-end knitting) is a traditional Scandinavian knitting technique. It refers to knitting where two strands of yarn are knitted into the fabric alternatively and twisted once and always in the same direction before every stitch. The technique is called tvåändsstickning in Swedish, tvebandsstrikking in Norwegian, and tvebinding in Danish. Their literal meaning is "two-end knitting", referring to the traditional way of knitting with both yarn ends from one ball of yarn.
While the right-side of the fabric resembles a one-end stocking-stitch fabric (as seen from the right side), the wrong-side of the fabric has a horizontally ridged surface due to the plaits created by the twisting of the two strands of yarn. Intricate relief patterns are characteristic of the technique.
Twined knitting produces a firmer and more durable fabric with greater thermal insulation than conventional one-end knitting. The technique has historically been used to knit mittens, gloves, socks, stockings, caps and sleeves for waistcoats.
The technique is predominantly associated with the forestry areas of Värmland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Jämtland and Hälsingland in Sweden, and Hedmark, Oppland, Akershus and Buskerud in Norway. Archaeological finds from these areas provide evidence that the technique has been practiced since the sixteenth century. Practical knowledge of the technique still persists in these areas. Danish archeological findings of the technique have been dated to the seventeenth century. However, practical knowledge of the technique has ceased to exist in Denmark. Evidence of the technique has not yet been found in the remaining Nordic countries.
The technique is historically significant to the Swedish county Dalarna. Two-end knitted garments continue to be included in several of Dalarnas traditional local costumes. The history of knitting in this region can be traced back to the mid-seventeenth century. Wool yarn was the most common knitting material, but linen and cotton yarn was sometimes used to knit socks, mittens and gloves.
Mittens and gloves were commonly twine-knitted in white (typically for women) or black (typically for men) wool yarn with a knitted or embroidered colourful pattern. Embroidered twine-knitted mittens with a fringe trimming are particularly associated with Dala-Floda were they are included in the traditional local costume. However, embroidered mittens with or without fringe trimmings are common in other parts of Dalarna as well as in Värmland and Härjedalen. Some two-end knitted mittens were intended to be worn inside unlined leather mittens, in which cases they were known as handskvantar, bälgvantar or körhandskar.
On the island of Sollerön in Siljan, half-mittens and gloves were two-end knitted in white linen or cotton yarn for weddings, half-mittens being worn by the bride and gloves by the groom. The gloves and half-mittens were later reused by the couple on ceremonial occasions. The garments from Sollerön are characterised by their elaborate relief patterns. In Lima, twine-knitted cotton gloves were produced and exported during the nineteenth century.
Socks and stockings were typically two-end knitted in an undyed wool, linen or cotton yarn, often to be dyed after. During dyeing, the parts that would not show when the sock was worn, usually the foot, heel and top edge, were turned in and stitched to save dye. In order to protect the heel from wear, the heel was commonly covered with a piece of wadmal, leather or a scrap of knitted fabric.
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Twined knitting
Twined knitting (also known as two-end knitting) is a traditional Scandinavian knitting technique. It refers to knitting where two strands of yarn are knitted into the fabric alternatively and twisted once and always in the same direction before every stitch. The technique is called tvåändsstickning in Swedish, tvebandsstrikking in Norwegian, and tvebinding in Danish. Their literal meaning is "two-end knitting", referring to the traditional way of knitting with both yarn ends from one ball of yarn.
While the right-side of the fabric resembles a one-end stocking-stitch fabric (as seen from the right side), the wrong-side of the fabric has a horizontally ridged surface due to the plaits created by the twisting of the two strands of yarn. Intricate relief patterns are characteristic of the technique.
Twined knitting produces a firmer and more durable fabric with greater thermal insulation than conventional one-end knitting. The technique has historically been used to knit mittens, gloves, socks, stockings, caps and sleeves for waistcoats.
The technique is predominantly associated with the forestry areas of Värmland, Dalarna, Härjedalen, Jämtland and Hälsingland in Sweden, and Hedmark, Oppland, Akershus and Buskerud in Norway. Archaeological finds from these areas provide evidence that the technique has been practiced since the sixteenth century. Practical knowledge of the technique still persists in these areas. Danish archeological findings of the technique have been dated to the seventeenth century. However, practical knowledge of the technique has ceased to exist in Denmark. Evidence of the technique has not yet been found in the remaining Nordic countries.
The technique is historically significant to the Swedish county Dalarna. Two-end knitted garments continue to be included in several of Dalarnas traditional local costumes. The history of knitting in this region can be traced back to the mid-seventeenth century. Wool yarn was the most common knitting material, but linen and cotton yarn was sometimes used to knit socks, mittens and gloves.
Mittens and gloves were commonly twine-knitted in white (typically for women) or black (typically for men) wool yarn with a knitted or embroidered colourful pattern. Embroidered twine-knitted mittens with a fringe trimming are particularly associated with Dala-Floda were they are included in the traditional local costume. However, embroidered mittens with or without fringe trimmings are common in other parts of Dalarna as well as in Värmland and Härjedalen. Some two-end knitted mittens were intended to be worn inside unlined leather mittens, in which cases they were known as handskvantar, bälgvantar or körhandskar.
On the island of Sollerön in Siljan, half-mittens and gloves were two-end knitted in white linen or cotton yarn for weddings, half-mittens being worn by the bride and gloves by the groom. The gloves and half-mittens were later reused by the couple on ceremonial occasions. The garments from Sollerön are characterised by their elaborate relief patterns. In Lima, twine-knitted cotton gloves were produced and exported during the nineteenth century.
Socks and stockings were typically two-end knitted in an undyed wool, linen or cotton yarn, often to be dyed after. During dyeing, the parts that would not show when the sock was worn, usually the foot, heel and top edge, were turned in and stitched to save dye. In order to protect the heel from wear, the heel was commonly covered with a piece of wadmal, leather or a scrap of knitted fabric.