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Type 15 frigate
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Type 15 frigate
The Type 15 frigate was a class of British anti-submarine frigates of the Royal Navy. They were conversions based on the hulls of World War II-era destroyers built to the standard War Emergency Programme "utility" design.
By 1945 the wartime "utility" vessels were obsolescent as destroyers due to their relatively small size and makeshift armament. Future construction would be based on ever larger vessels, such as the Battle class and Daring class. Rapid advances in German U-boat technology with the 17-knot (31 km/h; 20 mph) Type XXI and 19-knot (35 km/h; 22 mph) Type XXVI rendered even some of the most modern Royal Navy escorts obsolete. This technology was being put into production by the Soviet Navy in the form of the Whiskey-class submarine. The Royal Navy began designing and constructing new fast anti-submarine frigates of the Type 12 and Type 14 design to counter this threat. However, it would be some time before these vessels could be brought into service and budget constraints limited the number of new hulls that could be constructed.
The solution to the problem lay in the 47 War Emergency Programme destroyers that remained in Royal Navy service, most of which were only a few years old and had seen little active service. Accordingly, plans were drawn up to convert these vessels into fast anti-submarine frigates incorporating as many lessons learned during wartime experience as possible. Ultimately, 23 of the utility destroyers were fully converted into Type 15 first-rate anti-submarine frigates, and a further ten were given limited conversions, and designated Type 16 frigates.
The US Navy followed suit in 1960–65, with the "FRAM" programme, by which Fletcher, Allen M. Sumner and Gearing-class destroyers were progressively upgraded, pending the arrival of new Knox-class frigates and Spruance-class destroyers in 1969.
The superstructure had a low profile to limit the effects of blast from nuclear explosions. The forward superstructure extended across the ship, with the front curved and reinforced to resist the impact of waves at 25 knots in rough weather. The forecastle was extended aft to provide additional internal volume. The bridge was at forecastle deck level. The operations room was behind and slightly below the bridge to provide sight from the bridge's rear windows. The ship's wheel and radio room were underneath as there was no room at forecastle deck level.
The ship was designed to be fought while sealed against CBRN effects; a periscope for the captain and plastic bubbles for lookouts were included. Command and control was supposed to be from the operations rooms instead of from the bridge. In practice, an experienced officer had to be on the bridge for safety, particularly when manoeuvring at high-speed with nearby ships. The last ships raised the bridge one level to improve ship handling; the Bofor guns were moved to the front of the superstructure to accommodate the new bridge location.
All of the minor transverse bulkheads were new additions.
Diesel power generation capacity was increased from 100 kW to 350 kW; capacity was limited by volume in the machinery spaces for survivability. Fuel capacity was reduced by the new 4 inch magazine, but estimated range exceeded requirements. Agouti propeller silencing was added, which increased ship life by up to 25 years.
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Type 15 frigate
The Type 15 frigate was a class of British anti-submarine frigates of the Royal Navy. They were conversions based on the hulls of World War II-era destroyers built to the standard War Emergency Programme "utility" design.
By 1945 the wartime "utility" vessels were obsolescent as destroyers due to their relatively small size and makeshift armament. Future construction would be based on ever larger vessels, such as the Battle class and Daring class. Rapid advances in German U-boat technology with the 17-knot (31 km/h; 20 mph) Type XXI and 19-knot (35 km/h; 22 mph) Type XXVI rendered even some of the most modern Royal Navy escorts obsolete. This technology was being put into production by the Soviet Navy in the form of the Whiskey-class submarine. The Royal Navy began designing and constructing new fast anti-submarine frigates of the Type 12 and Type 14 design to counter this threat. However, it would be some time before these vessels could be brought into service and budget constraints limited the number of new hulls that could be constructed.
The solution to the problem lay in the 47 War Emergency Programme destroyers that remained in Royal Navy service, most of which were only a few years old and had seen little active service. Accordingly, plans were drawn up to convert these vessels into fast anti-submarine frigates incorporating as many lessons learned during wartime experience as possible. Ultimately, 23 of the utility destroyers were fully converted into Type 15 first-rate anti-submarine frigates, and a further ten were given limited conversions, and designated Type 16 frigates.
The US Navy followed suit in 1960–65, with the "FRAM" programme, by which Fletcher, Allen M. Sumner and Gearing-class destroyers were progressively upgraded, pending the arrival of new Knox-class frigates and Spruance-class destroyers in 1969.
The superstructure had a low profile to limit the effects of blast from nuclear explosions. The forward superstructure extended across the ship, with the front curved and reinforced to resist the impact of waves at 25 knots in rough weather. The forecastle was extended aft to provide additional internal volume. The bridge was at forecastle deck level. The operations room was behind and slightly below the bridge to provide sight from the bridge's rear windows. The ship's wheel and radio room were underneath as there was no room at forecastle deck level.
The ship was designed to be fought while sealed against CBRN effects; a periscope for the captain and plastic bubbles for lookouts were included. Command and control was supposed to be from the operations rooms instead of from the bridge. In practice, an experienced officer had to be on the bridge for safety, particularly when manoeuvring at high-speed with nearby ships. The last ships raised the bridge one level to improve ship handling; the Bofor guns were moved to the front of the superstructure to accommodate the new bridge location.
All of the minor transverse bulkheads were new additions.
Diesel power generation capacity was increased from 100 kW to 350 kW; capacity was limited by volume in the machinery spaces for survivability. Fuel capacity was reduced by the new 4 inch magazine, but estimated range exceeded requirements. Agouti propeller silencing was added, which increased ship life by up to 25 years.
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