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Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)
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Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Mina, was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2011 to hit the Philippines and also the second most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2011, and the first of the year to directly impact Taiwan and the rest of the Republic of China (ROC). Becoming the eleventh named storm, the seventh severe tropical storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season, Nanmadol made a total of three landfalls killing 26, and causing widespread damage worth US$26,464,591. The area of low pressure that was about to become Nanmadol formed on August 19. It drifted north and became a tropical depression on August 21, a tropical storm on August 23 and a typhoon on the same night. Nanmadol reached peak strength with winds of 100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph) (10-minute sustained) and 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) (1-minute sustained) threatening the Philippines with heavy rain and flash flooding.
The Filipinos were warned about high waves, strong winds and very heavy rains over the weekend with storm signal 4 raised in parts of the Nation. There, strong winds toppled trees, power and communication lines triggering power outages in the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela. Rivers swelled up on receiving tons on rainwater, overflowing at least six bridges across the two provinces. The typhoon hardly moved in 24 hours bringing relentless rains to the archipelago causing the retaining wall of Baguio's dump facility to collapse. Also, major power lines in the nation were pulled down causing total power failures in Benguet, Cagayan, Apayao, Kalinga and mountain provinces.
The 2011 Typhoon Nanmadol is not to be confused with other typhoons of the same name that also happened in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in 2004, 2017, and 2022.
Late on August 19, an area of low pressure developed to the north of Palau. Early on August 20, the system became more organized and developed a low-level circulation center. The system then turned north and continued to drift north until on August 21, when the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression east of Philippines. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system reporting that the system was becoming more well organized. Later that day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) started monitoring the system as a tropical depression and named it Mina. Late on August 22, the system became more well organized prompting the JTWC to initiate advisories on the system, designating it 14W.
On August 23, the JMA upgraded 14W to a tropical storm, naming it Nanmadol. Overnight, the system continued to intensify and early on August 24, the JMA upgraded Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm. Later that day, convective banding improved and Nanmadol developed an eye-like feature. As a result, Nanmadol continued to intensify rapidly and became a typhoon, by midnight, that day. The JTWC originally anticipated a fujiwhara effect of Nanmadol on Talas, a weaker tropical cyclone to the east of Nanmadol. However, the two cyclones moved far away from each other with at least a 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) of distance between them. This prompted the JTWC to change its forecast on the system, from turning east and interacting with Talas, to move west and hit the Philippines. On August 26, Nanmadol reached peak strength with winds of 100 knots (190 km/h; 120 mph) (10-minute sustained) and 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) (1-minute sustained) reaching category 5 status on the SSHS. The typhoon developed a large eye with a diameter of 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) with highly symmetric deep convective bands wrapped into it.
Nanmadol continued to drift north west and made landfall over Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines with strong winds of over 95 knots (176 km/h; 109 mph). After interacting with land, the eye of Nanmadol became cloud filled and the eyewall in the northern semicircle became eroded causing the system to weaken. However, the typhoon maintained tightly curved convective banding and central convection for long time after the landfall. The typhoon maintained a favorable upper level outflow, though located in a mid-level subtropical ridge. As Nanmadol started moving away from Luzon, the eye became more evident and central convection became re-consolidated with curved banding. However, the typhoon did not maintain this for long. Nanmadol could not recover very well from interacting with land and started weakening as the cloud tops were warming up and the eye was being filled with clouds again. During the early hours of August 28, Nanmadol struggled to strengthen after passing over the Babuyan Islands. The eye became completely cloud-filled and the outermost rainbands crossed over Taiwan. This prompted the JMA to downgrade Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm. Later that day, the central convection started depleting as the system approached southern Taiwan. At that time, it was located approximately 245 nautical miles (454 km; 282 mi) south of Taipei in the periphery of a mid-level subtropical ridge. Nanmadol continued to weaken as it approached Taiwan and the winds rapidly decreased to under 75 knots (139 km/h; 86 mph) (1-minute sustained), making Nanmadol a minimal typhoon on the SSHS. It maintained a poorly defined eyewall to its south with convective banding wrapped into the cloud filled center.
Late on August 28, Nanmadol made its second landfall over Dawu Township in Taitung County, Taiwan and started weakening. After a tremendous burst of convection over southern Taiwan, land interaction severely weakened the system. A strong subtropical ridge towards the north-east of the storm started pushing Nanmadol towards the northwest at an increasingly fast pace. Soon, Nanmadol accelerated towards the northwest and entered the Taiwan Strait, with fragmented convective bands wrapped into an adequately defined center. Landfall weakened the system rapidly prompting the JTWC to downgrade Nanmadol to a tropical storm with winds of under 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph). Eventually, the JMA too downgraded Nanmadol to a tropical storm with winds of under 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph). At that time, it was located to the west of Tainan, Taiwan with 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) winds spreading 220 nautical miles (410 km; 250 mi) towards the north-east and 140 nautical miles (260 km; 160 mi) towards the south-west.
On August 30, Nanmadol slowed moving and became almost stationary. The low level circulation center became exposed and the curved convective banding moved to the south of the system. Soon it started experiencing strong wind shear and continued weakening. The shear pushed convection approximately 70 knots (130 km/h; 81 mph) south of the LLCC. The system also accelerated towards China at 08 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and weakened to a minimal tropical storm. After its third landfall over Fujian, China, Nanmadol weakened rapidly prompting both the JTWC and the JMA to issue their final warnings on the system.
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Typhoon Nanmadol (2011)
Typhoon Nanmadol, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Mina, was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2011 to hit the Philippines and also the second most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2011, and the first of the year to directly impact Taiwan and the rest of the Republic of China (ROC). Becoming the eleventh named storm, the seventh severe tropical storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2011 Pacific typhoon season, Nanmadol made a total of three landfalls killing 26, and causing widespread damage worth US$26,464,591. The area of low pressure that was about to become Nanmadol formed on August 19. It drifted north and became a tropical depression on August 21, a tropical storm on August 23 and a typhoon on the same night. Nanmadol reached peak strength with winds of 100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph) (10-minute sustained) and 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) (1-minute sustained) threatening the Philippines with heavy rain and flash flooding.
The Filipinos were warned about high waves, strong winds and very heavy rains over the weekend with storm signal 4 raised in parts of the Nation. There, strong winds toppled trees, power and communication lines triggering power outages in the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela. Rivers swelled up on receiving tons on rainwater, overflowing at least six bridges across the two provinces. The typhoon hardly moved in 24 hours bringing relentless rains to the archipelago causing the retaining wall of Baguio's dump facility to collapse. Also, major power lines in the nation were pulled down causing total power failures in Benguet, Cagayan, Apayao, Kalinga and mountain provinces.
The 2011 Typhoon Nanmadol is not to be confused with other typhoons of the same name that also happened in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in 2004, 2017, and 2022.
Late on August 19, an area of low pressure developed to the north of Palau. Early on August 20, the system became more organized and developed a low-level circulation center. The system then turned north and continued to drift north until on August 21, when the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the low-pressure area to a tropical depression east of Philippines. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system reporting that the system was becoming more well organized. Later that day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) started monitoring the system as a tropical depression and named it Mina. Late on August 22, the system became more well organized prompting the JTWC to initiate advisories on the system, designating it 14W.
On August 23, the JMA upgraded 14W to a tropical storm, naming it Nanmadol. Overnight, the system continued to intensify and early on August 24, the JMA upgraded Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm. Later that day, convective banding improved and Nanmadol developed an eye-like feature. As a result, Nanmadol continued to intensify rapidly and became a typhoon, by midnight, that day. The JTWC originally anticipated a fujiwhara effect of Nanmadol on Talas, a weaker tropical cyclone to the east of Nanmadol. However, the two cyclones moved far away from each other with at least a 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) of distance between them. This prompted the JTWC to change its forecast on the system, from turning east and interacting with Talas, to move west and hit the Philippines. On August 26, Nanmadol reached peak strength with winds of 100 knots (190 km/h; 120 mph) (10-minute sustained) and 140 knots (260 km/h; 160 mph) (1-minute sustained) reaching category 5 status on the SSHS. The typhoon developed a large eye with a diameter of 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) with highly symmetric deep convective bands wrapped into it.
Nanmadol continued to drift north west and made landfall over Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines with strong winds of over 95 knots (176 km/h; 109 mph). After interacting with land, the eye of Nanmadol became cloud filled and the eyewall in the northern semicircle became eroded causing the system to weaken. However, the typhoon maintained tightly curved convective banding and central convection for long time after the landfall. The typhoon maintained a favorable upper level outflow, though located in a mid-level subtropical ridge. As Nanmadol started moving away from Luzon, the eye became more evident and central convection became re-consolidated with curved banding. However, the typhoon did not maintain this for long. Nanmadol could not recover very well from interacting with land and started weakening as the cloud tops were warming up and the eye was being filled with clouds again. During the early hours of August 28, Nanmadol struggled to strengthen after passing over the Babuyan Islands. The eye became completely cloud-filled and the outermost rainbands crossed over Taiwan. This prompted the JMA to downgrade Nanmadol to a severe tropical storm. Later that day, the central convection started depleting as the system approached southern Taiwan. At that time, it was located approximately 245 nautical miles (454 km; 282 mi) south of Taipei in the periphery of a mid-level subtropical ridge. Nanmadol continued to weaken as it approached Taiwan and the winds rapidly decreased to under 75 knots (139 km/h; 86 mph) (1-minute sustained), making Nanmadol a minimal typhoon on the SSHS. It maintained a poorly defined eyewall to its south with convective banding wrapped into the cloud filled center.
Late on August 28, Nanmadol made its second landfall over Dawu Township in Taitung County, Taiwan and started weakening. After a tremendous burst of convection over southern Taiwan, land interaction severely weakened the system. A strong subtropical ridge towards the north-east of the storm started pushing Nanmadol towards the northwest at an increasingly fast pace. Soon, Nanmadol accelerated towards the northwest and entered the Taiwan Strait, with fragmented convective bands wrapped into an adequately defined center. Landfall weakened the system rapidly prompting the JTWC to downgrade Nanmadol to a tropical storm with winds of under 50 knots (93 km/h; 58 mph). Eventually, the JMA too downgraded Nanmadol to a tropical storm with winds of under 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph). At that time, it was located to the west of Tainan, Taiwan with 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) winds spreading 220 nautical miles (410 km; 250 mi) towards the north-east and 140 nautical miles (260 km; 160 mi) towards the south-west.
On August 30, Nanmadol slowed moving and became almost stationary. The low level circulation center became exposed and the curved convective banding moved to the south of the system. Soon it started experiencing strong wind shear and continued weakening. The shear pushed convection approximately 70 knots (130 km/h; 81 mph) south of the LLCC. The system also accelerated towards China at 08 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and weakened to a minimal tropical storm. After its third landfall over Fujian, China, Nanmadol weakened rapidly prompting both the JTWC and the JMA to issue their final warnings on the system.
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