Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve

Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is a joint task force established by a U.S.-led international coalition against the Islamic State. Its stated aim is to "degrade and destroy" the Islamic State. Led by United States Army Central (ARCENT), it is composed of military forces and personnel from over 30 countries.

Formed in October 2014 by United States Central Command, CJTF-OIR was intended to replace the ad hoc arrangements that had been established to coordinate operations against ISIL, following its rapid gains in Iraq in June. Operation Inherent Resolve included the US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) and the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War. The current commander of the coalition is U.S. Army Brigadier General Kevin J. Lambert and the current Command Senior Enlisted Leader is U.S. Army Command Sergeant Major Robert M. Preusser Jr.

The bulk of CJTF-OIR's operations were airstrikes against Islamic State. Various ground forces have been deployed including special forces, artillery, training, and military advisors. In 2017 the United States carried out 75-80% of the airstrikes, with the remainder conducted by Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Jordan, Belgium, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. All of 32 NATO members (as of 2025) were contributing to the Combined Joint Task Force in 2019.

By the end of 2017, the Task Force stated that its airstrikes had killed over 80,000 ISIL fighters. The coalition also provided $3.5 billion in military equipment to the Iraqi Armed Forces, and billions more to the Peshmerga. It has also provided significant support to the Syrian Democratic Forces, with which it coordinates various operations.

The coalition ended its combat mission in Iraq in December 2021, but U.S. troops remain in the country in a training and advisory role. In September 2024, the United States Department of Defense announced a "two-phase transition plan" for CJTF-OIR operations in Iraq. In the first phase, finishing in September 2025, the coalition's military mission in Iraq would end, meaning coalition forces would withdraw from certain locations in Iraq as mutually determined. The two-phase transition period in Iraq began in September 2024 and will end in September 2026.

As of September 2019, U.S. Army Lieutenant General Robert "Pat" White commanded CJTF-OIR in an appointment which consolidated three commander's tasks. White is also the commander of the U.S. III Corps, which assumed authority over CJTF-OIR from ARCENT on 22 September 2015, turned over its command to XVIII Airborne Corps in August 2016, and then resumed command on 5 September 2017. White has two deputies, a British Army officer, Major General Gerald Strickland, who is currently serving as CJTF-OIR Deputy Commander-Stability, and a U.S. Air Force officer, Major General Alexus G. Grynkewich, who is currently serving as CJTF-OIR Deputy Commander-Operations and Intelligence. CJTF-OIR's headquarters is at Camp Arifjan in Kuwait and includes approximately 700 personnel from 27 nations who are involved in coordinating operations in Iraq and Syria.

Lt. Gen. White handed over operational control to Lt. Gen. Paul Calvert on 9 September, 2020. Command was subsequently passed to Maj. Gen. John Brennan on 9 September 2021.

A dozen countries not involved in combat operations still contribute to the Building Capacity Mission (BPC) in Iraq. Those who have announced their participation in the program, which trains the Iraq Armed Forces and Iraqi Police, include the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, and Spain.