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USS Panay incident
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USS Panay incident
The USS Panay incident was a Japanese bombing attack on the U.S. Navy river gunboat Panay and three Standard Oil Company tankers on the Yangtze River near the Chinese capital of Nanjing on 12 December 1937. Japan and the United States were not at war at the time. The boats were part of an American naval operation called the Yangtze Patrol, which began following the joint British, French, and American victory in the Second Opium War.
The bombing raid resulted in the sinking of the Panay as well as the deaths of three Americans on board, plus an unknown but likely high casualty toll amongst the Chinese passengers in the three river tankers.
Public reaction was mixed in the U.S., with Franklin D. Roosevelt weighing various diplomatic and military responses only to settle for an apology and compensation.
The Japanese claimed that they did not see the large U.S. flags painted on the deck and canvases of the gunboat. Tokyo officially apologized and paid a cash indemnity of $2.2 million USD. The settlement mollified some of the U.S. anger, and newspapers called the matter closed.
However, camera footage taken during the attack showed Japanese aircraft flying so low near the Panay that the pilots' faces were visible, providing "potent evidence that the mistaken identity claim was not true."
The attack was not an isolated case in the Battle of Nanjing. In addition to the Panay and her consort of three tankers, Japanese aircraft and land forces would attack a multitude of other vessels belonging to the Western powers along the Yangtze near Nanjing.
A flat-bottomed craft built in Shanghai specifically for river duty, Panay served as part of the US Navy's Yangtze Patrol in the Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for patrolling the Yangtze River to protect American lives and property in China.
After invading China in the summer of 1937, Japanese forces had fought their way to the city of Nanjing in the early weeks of December. The Japanese then began a fierce attack on the city and its surrounding region, which would later culminate in the infamous massacre of hundreds of thousands of civilians and prisoners of war.
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USS Panay incident
The USS Panay incident was a Japanese bombing attack on the U.S. Navy river gunboat Panay and three Standard Oil Company tankers on the Yangtze River near the Chinese capital of Nanjing on 12 December 1937. Japan and the United States were not at war at the time. The boats were part of an American naval operation called the Yangtze Patrol, which began following the joint British, French, and American victory in the Second Opium War.
The bombing raid resulted in the sinking of the Panay as well as the deaths of three Americans on board, plus an unknown but likely high casualty toll amongst the Chinese passengers in the three river tankers.
Public reaction was mixed in the U.S., with Franklin D. Roosevelt weighing various diplomatic and military responses only to settle for an apology and compensation.
The Japanese claimed that they did not see the large U.S. flags painted on the deck and canvases of the gunboat. Tokyo officially apologized and paid a cash indemnity of $2.2 million USD. The settlement mollified some of the U.S. anger, and newspapers called the matter closed.
However, camera footage taken during the attack showed Japanese aircraft flying so low near the Panay that the pilots' faces were visible, providing "potent evidence that the mistaken identity claim was not true."
The attack was not an isolated case in the Battle of Nanjing. In addition to the Panay and her consort of three tankers, Japanese aircraft and land forces would attack a multitude of other vessels belonging to the Western powers along the Yangtze near Nanjing.
A flat-bottomed craft built in Shanghai specifically for river duty, Panay served as part of the US Navy's Yangtze Patrol in the Asiatic Fleet, which was responsible for patrolling the Yangtze River to protect American lives and property in China.
After invading China in the summer of 1937, Japanese forces had fought their way to the city of Nanjing in the early weeks of December. The Japanese then began a fierce attack on the city and its surrounding region, which would later culminate in the infamous massacre of hundreds of thousands of civilians and prisoners of war.
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