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Uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic space

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Uniform honeycombs in hyperbolic space

In hyperbolic geometry, a uniform honeycomb in hyperbolic space is a uniform tessellation of uniform polyhedral cells. In 3-dimensional hyperbolic space there are nine Coxeter group families of compact convex uniform honeycombs, generated as Wythoff constructions, and represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams for each family.

Honeycombs are divided between compact and paracompact forms defined by Coxeter groups, the first category only including finite cells and vertex figures (finite subgroups), and the second includes affine subgroups.

The nine compact Coxeter groups are listed here with their Coxeter diagrams, in order of the relative volumes of their fundamental simplex domains.

These 9 families generate a total of 76 unique uniform honeycombs. The full list of hyperbolic uniform honeycombs has not been proven and an unknown number of non-Wythoffian forms exist. Two known examples are cited with the {3,5,3} family below. Only two families are related as a mirror-removal halving: [5,31,1] ↔ [5,3,4,1+].

There are just two radical subgroups with non-simplicial domains that can be generated by removing a set of two or more mirrors separated by all other mirrors by even-order branches. One is [(4,3,4,3*)], represented by Coxeter diagrams an index 6 subgroup with a trigonal trapezohedron fundamental domain, which can be extended by restoring one mirror as . The other is [4,(3,5)*], index 120 with a dodecahedral fundamental domain.

There are also 23 paracompact Coxeter groups of rank 4 that produce paracompact uniform honeycombs with infinite or unbounded facets or vertex figure, including ideal vertices at infinity.

Other paracompact Coxeter groups exists as Vinberg polytope fundamental domains, including these triangular bipyramid fundamental domains (double tetrahedra) as rank 5 graphs including parallel mirrors. Uniform honeycombs exist as all permutations of rings in these graphs, with the constraint that at least one node must be ringed across infinite order branches.

There are 9 forms, generated by ring permutations of the Coxeter group: [3,5,3] or

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