The Union of the Russian People (URP) (Russian: Союз русского народа, romanized: Soyuz russkogo naroda; СРН/SRN) was a loyalist far-right nationalist political party, the most important among Black-Hundredist monarchist political organizations in the Russian Empire between 1905 and 1917. Since 2005, organizational cells of the Union have been undergoing a revival in Russia and Ukraine.

Founded in October 1905, its aim was to rally the people behind Great Russian nationalism and the Tsar, espousing anti-socialist, anti-liberal, and above all antisemitic views. By 1906, it had over 300,000 members. Its paramilitary armed bands, called the Black Hundreds, fought revolutionaries violently in the streets. Its leaders organised a series of political assassinations of deputies and other representatives of parties which supported the Russian Revolution of 1905.

The Union was dissolved in 1917 in the wake of the February Revolution, and its leader, Alexander Dubrovin, was placed under arrest and died under mysterious circumstances.

Some modern academic researchers view the Union of the Russian People as an early example of fascism.

The Union of the Russian People called for the 'restoration of the popular autocracy', a concept they believed had existed before Russia had been taken over by 'intellectuals and Jews'. The establishment of the State Duma by Nicholas II was interpreted by the Union's ideologists as the restoration of moral and religious unity between the tsar and his subjects through providing representatives of Orthodox peasants with ability to act as counselors to the monarch. Supporting the Duma, the Union opposed the rule of bureaucracy, which its leaders claimed to be controlled by "non-Russian elements".

The Union's political program in the 1906 elections to the Russian State Duma envisioned the provision of equal rights and duties to Cossacks of Poltava, Kiev, Chernigov and Bessarabia Governorates with members of other Cossack hosts. This could be interpreted as a call for the restoration of the Cossack stratum in Ukrainian lands with the goal of using it against Catholic and Polish influences. Local branches of the Union supported Cossack autonomy of the Don and condemned the government's policy in respect to peripheral regions of the empire, such as Siberia, which they saw as promoting economic exploitation by foreign capitalists to the detriment of the local population.

The Union has been described as 'an early Russian version of the Fascist movement', as it was anti-socialist, anti-liberal, and 'above all anti-Semitic'. The Union was above all a movement of 'Great Russian nationalism'. Its very first aim it had declared to be a 'Great Russia, United and Indivisible'. Its nationalism was based on xenophobia and racism.

According to its 1906 statute, the Union saw the protection of Orthodoxy, preservation of Autocracy and defense of Nationality as its main goals. It supported the reestablishment of Moscow Patriarchy and provisional of canonical self-government to the Russian Orthodox Church. Members of the Union opposed the freedom of religion, lobbied a ban on attending Catholic churches for the Orthodox and supported the introduction of anathema for converts into Catholicism, restoration of Orthodox brotherhoods and other measures directed against the Catholic Church.