Wei Wenbo (Chinese: 魏文伯; pinyin: Wèi Wénbó; 1905–1987) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician who played an extensive role in the building of China's legal system. He was also one of East China's most senior party leaders before being purged in the Cultural Revolution. He was rehabilitated in 1979.

Wei was born into a moderately rich peasant family in Xinzhou County (then part of Huanggang), Hubei, China on the 9th of March, 1905. In 1925, he joined Communist Youth League of China and organised a farmers' union in his hometown. He then joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in August of 1926. His activities as the Organisation Department head of his local party branch included leading the workers of Yangluo in demanding better working conditions and organising an armed workers' self-defence team.

In 1927, Wei gave up his opportunity to study in the Soviet Union following the July 15 Incident, transferred his self defence team and farmers' union's arms and resources to He Long's army and proceeded to join the Nanchang Uprising as a company commander. After the uprising's failure, he escaped to Hubei and continued the underground struggle during the country's white terror in Yichang.

In 1929, Wei was admitted Beiping Yuwen University's political science school and subsequently involved himself in student revolutionary activities in Beiping (now Beijing), becoming the Secretary of the university's underground party branch. He then served as the Secretary-General of the CCP's Beiping Municipal Committee in 1930. During his time in Beiping, he was arrested three times by Kuomintang forces.

In the summer of 1933, Wei joined Feng Yuxiang's Counter-Japanese Army on the party's orders, serving as the Secretary of its Military Committee. In 1936, he covertly joined the Northeastern Army in Xi'an on the party's orders. He actively promoted Mao Zedong's anti-Japanese national united front policy as the propaganda member of the Northeast Army Party Working Committee, and supported the Communists in the Xi'an Incident.

In the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Wei organised preparations for resistance efforts against the invading Japanese forces as the Party Committee Secretary for Yingshan County within his native province after returning from Shaanxi. He became the Chief of the United Front Section of the Jiangbei (江北) Command Post of the New Fourth Army in November of 1939.

In 1940, Liu Shaoqi founded Central China's first-ever Anti-Japanese Democratic Government (抗日民主政府), The Dingyuan Anti-Japanese Democratic Government. Liu immediately appointed Wei who concurrently served as the Magistrate of Communist-controlled Dingyuan County and the Director of the Dingyuan-Fengyang-Chuxian Joint Administrative Office, making him the first leader of a county-level Anti-Japanese Democratic Government in China. During this time, he was actively involved in mobilisation efforts, building the Communist government's legitimacy and preaching its pro-resistance positions.

In September 1941, Wei became both the Deputy Director and Party Group Secretary of the Office for Mutual Defence of the Areas West of the Tianjin–Pukou railway. He was simultaneously elected as the President of the Assembly of the Anti-Japanese Base Areas West of Tianjin-Pukou railway. In May 1942, the first and second sessions of the Assembly were held, during which 9 decrees and 17 resolutions were passed, including the 'Interim Measures for Preferential Treatment of Families of Anti-Japanese Soldiers', thus increasing the unity and fervour of the Chinese resistance movement.