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Windows Management Instrumentation

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is a set of extensions to the Windows Driver Model that provides an operating system interface through which instrumented components provide information and notification. WMI is Microsoft's implementation of the Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Common Information Model (CIM) standards from the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF).

WMI allows scripting languages (such as VBScript or PowerShell) to manage Microsoft Windows personal computers and servers, both locally and remotely. WMI comes preinstalled in Windows 2000 and later. It is available as a download for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 95, and Windows 98.

Also included with Windows was Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line (WMIC), a CLI utility to interface with WMI. However, starting with Windows 10, version 21H1 and Windows Server 2022, WMIC is deprecated in favor of PowerShell.

The purpose of WMI is to define a proprietary set of environment-independent specifications that enable sharing management information between management apps. WMI prescribes enterprise management standards and related technologies for Windows that work with existing management standards, such as Desktop Management Interface (DMI) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). WMI complements these other standards by providing a uniform model for accessing management data from any source.

Because WMI abstracts the manageable entities with Common Information Model (CIM) and a collection of providers, the development of a provider implies several steps. The major steps can be summarized as follows:

Since the release of the first WMI implementation during the Windows NT 4.0 SP4 era (as an out-of-band download), Microsoft has consistently added WMI providers to Windows:

Many customers have interpreted the growth in numbers of providers as a sign that Microsoft envisions WMI as the ubiquitous management layer of Windows.

Beyond the scripting needs, most leading management solutions, such as Microsoft Operations Manager (MOM), System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM), Active Directory Services (ADS), HP OpenView (HPOV), and the various offerings of BMC Software and CA, Inc. are WMI-enabled, i.e., capable of consuming and providing WMI information. This enables administrators who lack WMI coding skills to benefit from WMI.

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