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Windows Presentation Foundation

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source user interface framework for Windows-based desktop applications. WPF applications are based in .NET, and are primarily developed using C# and XAML.

Originally developed by Microsoft, WPF was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. In 2018, Microsoft released WPF as open source under the MIT License. WPF's design and its layout language XAML have been adopted by multiple other UI frameworks, such as UWP, .NET MAUI, and Avalonia.

WPF employs XAML, an XML-based language, to define and link various interface elements, and uses C# to define program behavior. WPF applications are deployed as standalone desktop programs.

WPF supports a number of common user interface elements, such as 2D/3D rendering, fixed and adaptive documents, typography, vector graphics, runtime animation, and pre-rendered media. These elements can then be linked and manipulated based on various events, user interactions, and data bindings.

WPF was developed under the codename "Avalon", as part of the WinFX programming model for Windows "Longhorn". In August 2004, Microsoft announced that components of WinFX would be backported to Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. It would later be released as part of .NET Framework 3.0, a free download for these operating systems. WPF runtime libraries are included with all versions of Microsoft Windows since Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.

At the Microsoft Connect event on December 4, 2018, Microsoft announced releasing WPF as open source project on GitHub. It is released under the MIT License. Windows Presentation Foundation has become available for projects targeting the .NET software framework, however, the system is not cross-platform and is still available only on Windows.

In WPF, screens and other UI elements are defined using a pair of files: a XAML file and an associated C# file with the extension .xaml.cs, often referred to as a "code-behind". The XAML file declaratively defines the layout, contents and other properties of the UI element, while the C# file allows exposure of code entry points for interactivity.

A basic example of an interactive Hello, World! program could be created like so:

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