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Yingkarta
The Yingkarta or Yingarda people, also written Inggarda and Ingarda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.
Yinggarda was a Kartu language spoken from the coastal area around Carnarvon through the Gascoyne River to the junction and southwards to the Wooramel River. The earliest record of the languages dates from material collected by an anonymous source and forwarded by Edric Gifford to Edward Curr, who published a list of basic words in 1886.
There were two dialects, a northern and southern variety, with marked lexical differences. Down to the end of the 20th century, it was reported that the Carnarvon community had a wide knowledge of Yingarda words, but that their use was somewhat restricted. Given the movement of Wadjarri into this area, a people with whom the Yinggarda maintained strong links, the young mix the two vocabularies.
The Yingkarta's lands, lying between the Gascoyne and Wooramel Rivers in a wedge of land separating those of the Tedei to their south, and of their northern neighbours the Mandi. Their inland extension, from the northern area of Shark Bay, ran as far east as the vicinity of Red Hill and Gascoyne Junction. Alan Dench also lists among their northern neighbours the Baiyungu, Maia, Tharrkari and Warriyangga, while stating the Malgana lay to their south, and the Wadjarri to their east.
According to Norman Tindale's estimation, this territory covered about 4,200 square miles (11,000 km2).
The people where first mentioned in the journal of the shipwrecked Batavia in 1628. Later contact with Dutch merchants may include abandoned mutineers who mentioned in later reports living among the local people. White colonial occupation of Yingkarta lands began in 1877 when the indigenous population was estimated to number some 2,000 people. Smallpox was common among them.
It is not known whether or not the Yinggarda had a section system. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, writing in 1930, stated of them that:
In the case of the Ingarda tribe to the south of the Gascoyne River it was impossible to determine if they really had or had not a section system. They knew the names of the sections of the Maia and Warienga [Warriyangka] tribes and every man claimed membership of a particular section. ... They might once have had such a system which had broken down or they might merely be trying to adapt themselves as well as possible to the social organisation of the neighbouring tribes. When the data was collected in 1911, little was remembered of their marriage systems and Alan Dench thinks it probable, unlike many neighbouring tribes to their north, they did not have a moieties.
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Yingkarta
The Yingkarta or Yingarda people, also written Inggarda and Ingarda, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.
Yinggarda was a Kartu language spoken from the coastal area around Carnarvon through the Gascoyne River to the junction and southwards to the Wooramel River. The earliest record of the languages dates from material collected by an anonymous source and forwarded by Edric Gifford to Edward Curr, who published a list of basic words in 1886.
There were two dialects, a northern and southern variety, with marked lexical differences. Down to the end of the 20th century, it was reported that the Carnarvon community had a wide knowledge of Yingarda words, but that their use was somewhat restricted. Given the movement of Wadjarri into this area, a people with whom the Yinggarda maintained strong links, the young mix the two vocabularies.
The Yingkarta's lands, lying between the Gascoyne and Wooramel Rivers in a wedge of land separating those of the Tedei to their south, and of their northern neighbours the Mandi. Their inland extension, from the northern area of Shark Bay, ran as far east as the vicinity of Red Hill and Gascoyne Junction. Alan Dench also lists among their northern neighbours the Baiyungu, Maia, Tharrkari and Warriyangga, while stating the Malgana lay to their south, and the Wadjarri to their east.
According to Norman Tindale's estimation, this territory covered about 4,200 square miles (11,000 km2).
The people where first mentioned in the journal of the shipwrecked Batavia in 1628. Later contact with Dutch merchants may include abandoned mutineers who mentioned in later reports living among the local people. White colonial occupation of Yingkarta lands began in 1877 when the indigenous population was estimated to number some 2,000 people. Smallpox was common among them.
It is not known whether or not the Yinggarda had a section system. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, writing in 1930, stated of them that:
In the case of the Ingarda tribe to the south of the Gascoyne River it was impossible to determine if they really had or had not a section system. They knew the names of the sections of the Maia and Warienga [Warriyangka] tribes and every man claimed membership of a particular section. ... They might once have had such a system which had broken down or they might merely be trying to adapt themselves as well as possible to the social organisation of the neighbouring tribes. When the data was collected in 1911, little was remembered of their marriage systems and Alan Dench thinks it probable, unlike many neighbouring tribes to their north, they did not have a moieties.