Zu Ding

Full name
	Family name: Zi (子); Given name: Xin (新);
Posthumous name
	Zu Ding

Zu Ding
祖丁
Zu Ding; 祖丁
King of Shang dynasty
Issue	Yang Jia, Pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi
Full name
Full name
	Family name: Zi (子); Given name: Xin (新);
Posthumous name
	Zu Ding
Full name
	Family name: Zi (子); Given name: Xin (新);
Posthumous name
	Zu Ding
Father	Zu Xin
	Show more

Zu Ding (Chinese: 祖丁), personal name Zi Xin, was a king of the Chinese Shang dynasty.

Records

In the Records of the Grand Historian he was listed by Sima Qian as the sixteenth Shang king, succeeding his uncle Wo Jia (沃甲). He was enthroned in the year of Dingwei (丁未) with Bi (庇) as his capital. He ruled for about 32 years before his death. He was given the posthumous name Zu Ding and was succeeded by his cousin Nan Geng (南庚).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Oracle script inscriptions on oracle bones unearthed at Yinxu alternatively record that he was the fifteenth Shang king.^[2]^[3]

Attempts at chronological dating

The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, a broad Chinese academic enquiry, published results in 2000 placing Zu Ding as a contemporary of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten — the latter's reign beginning later than Zu Ding's, but both terminating in the mid-1330s BCE.^[4]

References

^ Bai, Shouyi (2002). An Outline History of China. Beijing: Foreign Language Press. ISBN 7-119-02347-0.
^ ^a ^b "The Shang Dynasty Rulers". China Knowledge. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ ^a ^b "Shang Kingship And Shang Kinship" (PDF). Indiana University. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2007.
^ Li Fang, ed. (983). Taiping Yulan (in Chinese).

Regnal titles
Zu Ding Shang dynasty
Preceded by Qiang Jia	King of China	Succeeded by Nan Geng

[BaiShouyi-1] Bai, Shouyi (2002). An Outline History of China. Beijing: Foreign Language Press. ISBN 7-119-02347-0.

[chinaKnowledge-2] "The Shang Dynasty Rulers". China Knowledge. Retrieved August 7, 2007.

[uniIndiana-3] "Shang Kingship And Shang Kinship" (PDF). Indiana University. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2007.

[4] Li Fang, ed. (983). Taiping Yulan (in Chinese).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e Kings of the Shang dynasty
Predynastic Shang	Xie Zhao Ming Xiang Tu Chang Ruo Cao Yu Ming Wang Hai Wang Heng Shang Jia Bao Yi Bao Bing Bao Ding Zhu Ren Zhu Gui Tang	商
Early Shang	Da Yi Da Ding Da Jia Bu Bing Da Geng Xiao Jia Da Wu Lü Ji Zhong Ding Bu Ren Jian Jia Zu Yi Zu Xin Qiang Jia Zu Ding Nan Geng Xiang Jia
Late Shang⁺	Pan Geng Xiao Xin Xiao Yi Wu Ding Zu Geng Zu Jia Lin Xin Kang Ding Wu Yi Wen Wu Ding Di Yi Di Xin
⁺ The term here refers to the period in the historiographical sense, starting from Pan Geng who is traditionally said to have moved the Shang capital to Yinxu. The same term can also refer to the historical polity as the earliest known literate civilization in China, starting from Wu Ding. Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → S. Dynasties / N. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → ROC / PRC

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