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1005
1005
1005
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Years
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2nd millennium
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1005 by topic
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Births – Deaths
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Establishments – Disestablishments
1005 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1005
MV
Ab urbe condita1758
Armenian calendar454
ԹՎ ՆԾԴ
Assyrian calendar5755
Balinese saka calendar926–927
Bengali calendar411–412
Berber calendar1955
English Regnal yearN/A
Buddhist calendar1549
Burmese calendar367
Byzantine calendar6513–6514
Chinese calendar甲辰年 (Wood Dragon)
3702 or 3495
    — to —
乙巳年 (Wood Snake)
3703 or 3496
Coptic calendar721–722
Discordian calendar2171
Ethiopian calendar997–998
Hebrew calendar4765–4766
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1061–1062
 - Shaka Samvat926–927
 - Kali Yuga4105–4106
Holocene calendar11005
Igbo calendar5–6
Iranian calendar383–384
Islamic calendar395–396
Japanese calendarKankō 2
(寛弘２年)
Javanese calendar907–908
Julian calendar1005
MV
Korean calendar3338
Minguo calendar907 before ROC
民前907年
Nanakshahi calendar−463
Seleucid era1316/1317 AG
Thai solar calendar1547–1548
Tibetan calendarཤིང་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Wood-Dragon)
1131 or 750 or −22
    — to —
ཤིང་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་
(female Wood-Snake)
1132 or 751 or −21
King Malcolm II of Scotland (c. 954–1034)

Year 1005 (MV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

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1005

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
1005 was a year of significant hardship and political transition in medieval Europe, particularly marked by Viking raids in England under Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard, which had intensified in prior years but culminated in withdrawal due to a devastating famine, and the ascension of Malcolm II to the Scottish throne following the killing of Kenneth III. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Archbishop Ælfric of Canterbury died that year, with Bishop Ælfheah succeeding him, amid a famine so severe that contemporaries could recall no worse, which contributed to the Viking fleet's departure for Denmark after a brief respite. Sweyn's campaigns, which had ravaged southern England since 1003, faced logistical strain from the shortages, prompting his withdrawal, though he would return in subsequent years. In Scotland, Malcolm II's seizure of power at the Battle of Monzievaird on 25 March consolidated the house of mac Duibh, setting the stage for his long reign aimed at securing dynastic succession and territorial expansion. These events underscored the era's volatility, with Scandinavian incursions challenging Anglo-Saxon authority and famine exacerbating societal strains across the region.

Events

East Asia

The Chanyuan Treaty, negotiated between the Northern Song dynasty and the Liao dynasty from January 13 to 18, 1005, at Shanyuan near present-day Puyang, concluded a decade of intermittent warfare marked by mutual military stalemates, including the Liao's failed offensives in 1004. The agreement established a tributary framework wherein the Song committed to annual payments of 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of raw silk to the Liao, formalized as "gifts" to maintain diplomatic parity while addressing the Song's cavalry deficiencies against Liao horse archers. In exchange, the Liao Emperor Shengzong recognized Song Emperor Zhenzong as a fraternal equal, halted invasions into Song territory south of the Yan Mountains and Great Wall, and refrained from claiming the Song throne, thereby legitimizing Song rule over Han Chinese heartlands. This pact shifted regional power dynamics by prioritizing diplomatic stabilization over conquest, enabling the Song to redirect resources from northern defenses amid ongoing threats from western Xi Xia tribes, while the Liao secured economic inflows without sustained campaigning costs. The treaty's emphasis on ritual equality—evident in joint border patrols and ambassadorial exchanges—reflected pragmatic realism grounded in the Liao's overextended supply lines and the Song's fortified riverine defenses during the 1004-1005 campaign. In Japan, Heian court politics continued under Fujiwara regency influence, though no major diplomatic upheavals disrupted the period's internal clan maneuvers.

Europe

Malcolm II ascended to the throne of Scotland on 25 March 1005 after defeating and killing his cousin King Kenneth III and Kenneth's son Giric at the Battle of Monzievaird, thereby ending the rivalry within the royal Cenél nGabráin dynasty and consolidating power through strategic kin alliances, including marriages that positioned his grandson Duncan I as a future successor. His reign involved campaigns to secure the northern territories against Norse threats and internal rivals, marking a shift toward centralized authority in Alba. In England, Danish forces under King Sweyn Forkbeard continued raids initiated in 1003, targeting East Anglia and demanding tribute from King Æthelred II, which exacerbated famine conditions among the invaders by 1005 and forced a temporary withdrawal, though these assaults progressively eroded Anglo-Saxon coastal defenses and highlighted the vulnerability of fragmented English kingdoms to Scandinavian naval mobility. Western Pomerania experienced an uprising in 1005, during which Slavic tribes resisted Polish overlordship under Bolesław I Chrobry and emerging Christian ecclesiastical influences, destroying elements of the newly established archbishopric at Gniezno and reasserting local pagan autonomy against forced tithes and conversions imposed via German-Polish alliances. This revolt underscored ongoing tensions between indigenous Slavic resistance and expansionist Christian missions from the Holy Roman Empire and Poland, delaying deeper integration into Latin Christendom.

Other Regions

In 1005, the Fatimid Caliphate, centered in Egypt and extending into North Africa and the Levant, confronted a major rebellion led by Abu Rakwa, an Umayyad pretender who arrived in Barqa (modern Libya) from al-Andalus and mobilized Bedouin tribes such as the Banu Qurra against Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. The uprising, beginning in April, exploited regional discontent and economic strains, advancing toward Cairo and threatening the caliphal core before Fatimid forces suppressed it, though at significant cost to stability and resources. This event underscored vulnerabilities in Fatimid control over peripheral territories amid ongoing rivalries with Abbasid claimants and local tribal dynamics. Concurrently, al-Hakim issued the Law of Differentiation (ghiyār), compelling Jews and Christians—collectively termed People of the Book—to wear distinctive yellow badges or belts as markers of their faith, enforcing visual separation in public spaces across Fatimid domains. This decree aligned with traditional Islamic administrative practices for dhimmis but reflected al-Hakim's intensifying policies toward non-Muslims, predating more severe persecutions like the 1010 destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Historical records for sub-Saharan Africa remain sparse for 1005, with no verifiable major polities like the Ghana Empire documenting specific events that year, likely due to reliance on oral traditions later transcribed and the absence of widespread literacy or external chroniclers. Similarly, pre-Columbian Americas lack dated annals for 1005, as Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations such as the Toltecs or Tiwanaku operated without precise calendrical records tying to that year, highlighting evidential gaps in non-Eurasian archival survival. Indian Ocean trade networks persisted without noted disruptions in 1005, sustaining Fatimid commerce in spices and textiles via ports like Aden, though indirect pressures from internal unrest may have affected maritime reliability.

Individuals

Births

Edward the Confessor (c. 1003–1005), son of King Æthelred II of England and Emma of Normandy, was born in Islip, Oxfordshire; he ascended the English throne in 1042, reigning until 1066 and earning canonization for his piety and patronage of Westminster Abbey's construction. Al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah (20 June 1005 – 13 August 1036), seventh Fatimid caliph, succeeded his father al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in 1021 and ruled from Cairo, maintaining the dynasty's Shi'a Ismaili authority amid internal challenges. Macbeth mac Findlaích (c. 1005 – 15 August 1057), Mormaer of Moray and later King of Alba (Scotland) from 1040, descended from the lineage of Kenneth mac Alpin through his father Findlaích; he killed King Duncan I in battle and was himself defeated by Duncan's son Malcolm III.

Deaths

Kenneth III of Scotland was killed in battle at Monzievaird in Strathearn by his cousin Malcolm II on or about 25 March 1005, ending his reign (c. 997–1005) and enabling Malcolm's consolidation of power, which advanced efforts toward unifying the Scottish kingdom by eliminating rival claimants from the Cenél Loairn branch. His son Giric was also slain in the same engagement, further securing Malcolm's succession without immediate kin-based challenges. Ælfric of Abingdon, Archbishop of Canterbury since 995, died on 16 November 1005 after a tenure marked by administrative reforms and monastic patronage, leaving the see vacant until Ælfheah's appointment in 1006 and prompting interim governance amid Viking threats to England.) Adalbero II, Bishop of Metz from 965, died in 1005, resulting in a succession to Dietrich I that maintained continuity in the Lorraine ecclesiastical structure under Holy Roman imperial oversight, though without major recorded disputes.

References

  1. https://www.academia.edu/36370216/_Monarchies_and_Monasteries_Christianisation_and_Centralisation_Along_Anglo_Saxon_Waterways
  2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/malcolm_ii/
  3. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang11.asp
  4. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7485&context=etd
  5. https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/monarchs/malcolmii.html
  6. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-chinese-history/article/fragility-of-peace-song-chinas-northwestern-frontier-and-erosion-of-the-chanyuan-paradigm-in-the-mideleventh-century/AF2F19A32A23ED0F304C3DE814851A3F
  7. https://www.ostasien-verlag.de/zeitschriften/crossroads/cr/pdf/CR_01-02_2010_007-021_Schwarz-Schilling.pdf
  8. https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/items/99a7becf-91e2-4004-93d8-a23504653d9b/full
  9. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fujiwara-Michinaga
  10. https://www.britroyals.com/scots.asp?id=malcolm2
  11. https://www.electricscotland.com/history/wylie/vol3ch10.htm
  12. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/sweyn-forkbeard-king-of-denmark-king-of-norway-king-of-england/
  13. https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/03/22/sweyn-forkbeard/
  14. https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/EasternPomerania.htm
  15. https://graphsearch.epfl.ch/fr/concept/20688783
  16. https://www.academia.edu/892502/The_uprising_of_Ab%C5%AB_Rakwa_and_the_Bedouins_against_the_F%C4%81%E1%B9%ADimids
  17. https://uen.pressbooks.pub/worldhistory1/chapter/the-fatimid-caliphate/
  18. https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/History/World_History/Book:_World_History_-_Cultures_States_and_Societies_to_1500_(Berger_et_al.)/08:_Islam_to_the_Mamluks/8.11:_The_Fatimid_Caliphate
  19. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-king-of-England-1002-1066
  20. https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/edward-the-confessor-and-edith/
  21. https://www.onthisday.com/date/1005
  22. https://www.royal.uk/kenneth-iii-r-997-1005
  23. https://www.scotclans.com/pages/kenneth-iii-997-1005
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