General elections were held in Tuvalu on 26 January 2024. There are no political parties in Tuvalu and all candidates run as independents.

Two major issues in the election were the Falepili Union treaty, which requiries both Tuvalu and Australia to "mutually agree" Tuvalu's foreign security arrangements in exchange for allowing Tuvaluans displaced by climate change to immigrate to Australia, and the country's diplomatic recognition of Taiwan within the context of great power competition between the United States and China for influence in the region.

Feleti Teo was appointed as prime minister on 26 February 2024 after having been elected unopposed by the parliament.

The previous elections in 2019 saw a high turnover among the 16 members of parliament, seven of whom were the first-term members. Several cabinet ministers lost their seats. There were two female candidates, and Dr Puakena Boreham retained a seat in parliament. In the vote for prime minister, held shortly after the election, parliament elected Kausea Natano, defeating the incumbent head of government Enele Sopoaga, who had served since 2013. The defeat of Sopoaga, who was pro-Taiwan, caused some to speculate that the new prime minister would sever ties with Taipei in favour of China. The Solomon Islands, another Pacific Islands country, had made the switch days before. However, Prime Minister Natano later assured that Tuvalu would maintain its diplomatic ties and recognition of Taiwan. As of 2024, Tuvalu is one of only 12 countries that have official diplomatic relations with Taiwan.

In November 2023 Prime Minister Natano signed the Falepili Union treaty with Australia. A significant factor of the treaty grants a pathway for 280 citizens of Tuvalu to migrate to Australia each year to enable climate-related mobility for Tuvaluans. In exchange, the agreement allows Australia an effective veto power over Tuvalu's foreign security agreements as the 2 countries must "mutually agree" such security agreements. Natano said the treaty was essential in preserving Tuvalu's identity. However, former Prime Minister Sopoaga claimed the Falepili Union would undermine the country's sovereignty and vowed to repeal it should he head a government again after the election. Sopoaga emphasised the sensitivity of conserving the sovereignty of the Pacific Island nations amidst a period where bigger countries, such as the United States and China, are competing for influence in the region. Former Foreign Minister Simon Kofe also criticised the treaty and pledged to renegotiate with Australia. Kofe highlighted Tuvalu's contracts with numerous international companies, including those that provide the country with satellite connections and questioned if it were necessary for Tuvalu to require Australia's permission to engage with such companies.

The 16 members of parliament are elected from eight two-seat constituencies via plurality block voting. There are no formal political parties in Tuvalu, so all candidates contest as independents. Candidates are required to be Tuvaluan citizens and at least 21 years old. If, by the registration deadline, no more than two eligible candidates have registered to run in a constituency, these nominees are then, on that day, declared by law to be elected. Candidates have until the day before the election to withdraw if they wish to. All citizens aged 18 and older are eligible to vote; voting is not compulsory. There were about 6,000 eligible voters in this election.

Voting began on 26 January 2024 at 08:00, concluding at 16:00. The elections officer said turnout was high as voting commenced.

Six new MPs were elected. Significant changes to the composition of the parliament included the incumbent Prime Minister Kausea Natano and Puakena Boreham – the only female member of the legislature – losing their seats. The former Governor General Sir Iakoba Italeli was elected as an MP along with Feleti Teo, the former Executive Director of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC).