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3rd Dalai Lama
The 3rd Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso (Tibetan: བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་, Wylie: bsod nams rgya mtsho, ZYPY: Soinam Gyaco; 1543–1588), was the first in the tulku lineage to be entitled formally as the Dalai Lama. In 1578 Altan Khan presented the spiritual title of Dalai Lama, in honor of Sonam Gyatso's profound teachings conferred in Mongolia, which soon became a Tibetan Buddhist country. He founded Kumbum Monastery, Lithang Monastery, and Namgyal Monastery. The spiritual title was retrospectively given to his two tulku lineage predecessors, the 1st Dalai Lama and the 2nd Dalai Lama.
Sonam Gyatso was born near Lhasa in 1543 and was recognised as the reincarnation of Gendun Gyatso and subsequently enthroned at Drepung Monastery by Panchen Sonam Dragpa, who became his tutor. Panchen Sonam Dragpa was the 15th Ganden Tripa and his texts still serve as the core curriculum for many Gelug monasteries. The 3rd Dalai Lama studied at Drepung Monastery and became its abbot. His reputation spread quickly and the monks at Sera Monastery also recognised him as their abbot.
According to Sumpa Khenpo, the great Gelug scholar, he also studied Nyingma tantric doctrines.
When one of Tibet's regional kings, who had been supported by the Kagyu school, died in 1564, Sonam Gyatso presided over his funeral. His political power, and that of the Gelug school, grew in dominance in Tibet by the 1570s.
The title "Dalai Lama" was first bestowed by Altan Khan upon Sonam Gyatso in 1578, when Altan Khan was a Chinese Prince of Shunyi during the Ming Dynasty (Wang, 顺义王) of China. The spiritual title of "Dalai Lama" was derived from the Mongolian Dalai-yin qan (or Dalaiin khan) one.
Since the time of Genghis Khan, only people who were of his royal lineage were allowed to rule Mongolia.[citation needed] This frustrated many would-be rulers who were not of this line. Altan Khan was the most destructive of these usurpers.[citation needed] He perceived that through the Buddhist faith he could gain legitimacy by claiming to be a reincarnation of Kublai Khan.
Altan Khan chose the Gelug order of Tibetan Buddhism (founded by Tsongkhapa, 1357–1419). In 1577 he invited the leader of this order, Sonam Gyatsho, to come to Mongolia and teach his people. At some point, Sonam Gyatso proclaimed Altan Khan to be the reincarnation of Kublai Khan.
In response to Sonam Gyatso's teachings, Altan Khan conferred the title of Dalai Lama on Sonam Gyatso. Altan Khan posthumously awarded the title to his two predecessors, making Sonam Gyatso the 3rd Dalai Lama.
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3rd Dalai Lama
The 3rd Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso (Tibetan: བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་, Wylie: bsod nams rgya mtsho, ZYPY: Soinam Gyaco; 1543–1588), was the first in the tulku lineage to be entitled formally as the Dalai Lama. In 1578 Altan Khan presented the spiritual title of Dalai Lama, in honor of Sonam Gyatso's profound teachings conferred in Mongolia, which soon became a Tibetan Buddhist country. He founded Kumbum Monastery, Lithang Monastery, and Namgyal Monastery. The spiritual title was retrospectively given to his two tulku lineage predecessors, the 1st Dalai Lama and the 2nd Dalai Lama.
Sonam Gyatso was born near Lhasa in 1543 and was recognised as the reincarnation of Gendun Gyatso and subsequently enthroned at Drepung Monastery by Panchen Sonam Dragpa, who became his tutor. Panchen Sonam Dragpa was the 15th Ganden Tripa and his texts still serve as the core curriculum for many Gelug monasteries. The 3rd Dalai Lama studied at Drepung Monastery and became its abbot. His reputation spread quickly and the monks at Sera Monastery also recognised him as their abbot.
According to Sumpa Khenpo, the great Gelug scholar, he also studied Nyingma tantric doctrines.
When one of Tibet's regional kings, who had been supported by the Kagyu school, died in 1564, Sonam Gyatso presided over his funeral. His political power, and that of the Gelug school, grew in dominance in Tibet by the 1570s.
The title "Dalai Lama" was first bestowed by Altan Khan upon Sonam Gyatso in 1578, when Altan Khan was a Chinese Prince of Shunyi during the Ming Dynasty (Wang, 顺义王) of China. The spiritual title of "Dalai Lama" was derived from the Mongolian Dalai-yin qan (or Dalaiin khan) one.
Since the time of Genghis Khan, only people who were of his royal lineage were allowed to rule Mongolia.[citation needed] This frustrated many would-be rulers who were not of this line. Altan Khan was the most destructive of these usurpers.[citation needed] He perceived that through the Buddhist faith he could gain legitimacy by claiming to be a reincarnation of Kublai Khan.
Altan Khan chose the Gelug order of Tibetan Buddhism (founded by Tsongkhapa, 1357–1419). In 1577 he invited the leader of this order, Sonam Gyatsho, to come to Mongolia and teach his people. At some point, Sonam Gyatso proclaimed Altan Khan to be the reincarnation of Kublai Khan.
In response to Sonam Gyatso's teachings, Altan Khan conferred the title of Dalai Lama on Sonam Gyatso. Altan Khan posthumously awarded the title to his two predecessors, making Sonam Gyatso the 3rd Dalai Lama.
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