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Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq
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Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq
Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq (December 20, 1931 – November 21, 2014) was an African-American activist and Muslim known for being one of Malcolm X's most trusted associates.
Born James Monroe King Warden, he was known as James 67X among fellow members of the Nation of Islam and, later, as James Shabazz, following his split from the organization.
Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq was born James Monroe King Warden in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. He attended the Bronx High School of Science, from which he graduated with honors. He enrolled in the City College of New York but transferred to Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, after a year. He soon left that school as well to join the Army. Following his discharge, he returned to Lincoln and graduated with honors in English in 1958. He received a master's degree from Columbia University.
In 1958, Abdur-Razzaq joined the Nation of Islam at Mosque No. 7, on 102 West 116th Street in New York City. As was the custom among Nation of Islam members, he abandoned his surname (still Warden at the time) as a vestige of chattel slavery and became the 67th James in Mosque No. 7.
By 1960, Abdullah had been promoted to lieutenant in the Fruit of Islam. Subsequently, he was appointed circulation manager for New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut of Muhammad Speaks, answerable directly to Malcolm X.
Abdullah would split from the Nation of Islam soon after Malcolm X and join Malcolm in forming Muslim Mosque, Inc. Still known as James 67X, he was appointed the organization's secretary and captain of men. He took the name James Shabazz.
Brother James, as he was sometimes referred, was also responsible for the formation of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a secular organization that Malcolm X had also conceived, patterned after Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's Organisation of African Unity, through which Malcolm X intended to charge the United States with violating the human rights of its chattel slave descendants.
Abdullah was a constant and willing aide to Malcolm X, in his capacity as head of Muslim Mosque, Inc. and as head of the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He remained with, and actively assisted Malcolm X, until the leader's assassination on February 21, 1965.
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Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq
Abdullah H. Abdur-Razzaq (December 20, 1931 – November 21, 2014) was an African-American activist and Muslim known for being one of Malcolm X's most trusted associates.
Born James Monroe King Warden, he was known as James 67X among fellow members of the Nation of Islam and, later, as James Shabazz, following his split from the organization.
Abdullah Abdur-Razzaq was born James Monroe King Warden in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. He attended the Bronx High School of Science, from which he graduated with honors. He enrolled in the City College of New York but transferred to Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania, after a year. He soon left that school as well to join the Army. Following his discharge, he returned to Lincoln and graduated with honors in English in 1958. He received a master's degree from Columbia University.
In 1958, Abdur-Razzaq joined the Nation of Islam at Mosque No. 7, on 102 West 116th Street in New York City. As was the custom among Nation of Islam members, he abandoned his surname (still Warden at the time) as a vestige of chattel slavery and became the 67th James in Mosque No. 7.
By 1960, Abdullah had been promoted to lieutenant in the Fruit of Islam. Subsequently, he was appointed circulation manager for New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut of Muhammad Speaks, answerable directly to Malcolm X.
Abdullah would split from the Nation of Islam soon after Malcolm X and join Malcolm in forming Muslim Mosque, Inc. Still known as James 67X, he was appointed the organization's secretary and captain of men. He took the name James Shabazz.
Brother James, as he was sometimes referred, was also responsible for the formation of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a secular organization that Malcolm X had also conceived, patterned after Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's Organisation of African Unity, through which Malcolm X intended to charge the United States with violating the human rights of its chattel slave descendants.
Abdullah was a constant and willing aide to Malcolm X, in his capacity as head of Muslim Mosque, Inc. and as head of the Organization of Afro-American Unity. He remained with, and actively assisted Malcolm X, until the leader's assassination on February 21, 1965.