Abduwali Abdukhadir Muse is a Somali pirate. He is the sole survivor of four pirates who hijacked the MV Maersk Alabama in April 2009 and then held Captain Richard Phillips for ransom. On 16 February 2011, Muse was convicted and sentenced to 33 years and 9 months in U.S. federal prison.

Muse was portrayed by Somali-American actor Barkhad Abdi in the 2013 film Captain Phillips, a dramatization of the hijacking.

Muse was born as the eldest of twelve children in a village north of Galkayo, a divided city. He is part of the Omar Mohamoud Majeerteen clan. Muse's parents were herders, keeping camels, cows, and goats, and selling their milk for a living. He grew up in poverty often without food or clothes, with later medical examination attesting to severe childhood malnutrition. At a young age, he was kicked in the face by a camel and lost two of his front teeth. Muse began living alone at age 11 or 12 and initially worked as an assistant to taxi drivers, sustaining severe injuries during this time after being trampled by cows. At age 13, he moved to Garacad, at the time known as a hub for piracy, where he worked as a cook for fishermen. He was married in 2008 but could not afford to establish a home for himself and his wife. Naval historian David F. Marley wrote that Muse was likely recruited through a member of his clan to act as a gunman under pirate chief Abdi Garad in Eyl.

According to his indictment, Muse was the first of the four men who boarded Maersk Alabama. During the attack, the pirates searched the ship to account for all the crew. While one pirate took the ship's captain Richard Phillips to a different part of the vessel, Muse and his remaining compatriots lost sight of third mate Collin Wright. The two other pirates opened fire on two crew members they found, but Muse ordered them to stop, after which one of the men, helmsman Abu Tasir Mohammed "Zahid" Reza, volunteered to look for the rest of the crew, appealing to their shared religious beliefs. Muse agreed and gave his weapon to another pirate, as they did not want to risk losing a firearm to the crewmen in case of an ambush. Below deck, Muse was attacked by chief engineer Mike Perry, who, together with Reza, wrestled Muse to the ground, with Perry stabbing Muse in the back of the neck while Reza stabbed him in the hand. The crew held Muse hostage for five hours, with Muse telling Reza that the pirates sought a $3,000,000 ransom.

Ultimately, Richard Phillips offered Muse and the other pirates $30,000 to leave Maersk Alabama safely on the ship's lifeboat. However, Muse climbed onto the lifeboat prematurely before Phillips could be returned. Phillips told Maersk Alabama's crew that he would show the pirates how to operate the controls, but remained a hostage as the lifeboat was steered away from the freighter. Muse tried to establish contact with other nearby pirate vessels through a satellite phone, but a day later, on 9 April, USS Bainbridge intercepted the lifeboat. Over the next three days, Navy officers negotiated with the armed pirates and on 12 April the US Navy agreed to take Muse on board Bainbridge for medical treatment and to "meet" with elders from his clan to negotiate the release of Phillips. After Muse had been taken on board, the three remaining pirates were shot dead simultaneously by Navy SEAL snipers.

Muse was taken into custody by United States authorities and brought to New York City. Muse was to stand trial in New York because of the local FBI office's expertise in handling cases where major crimes were perpetrated against Americans in Africa, such as the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. CBC News also reported that U.S. authorities had considered transferring him to authorities in Kenya per international agreement to prosecute pirate suspects. While in isolation at the Manhattan Detention Complex, Muse was diagnosed with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as recorded for several suicide attempts.

There was some confusion as to his age. No birth record of Muse exists as his mother gave birth at home through a midwife. According to the New York Daily News, he was at the time 17 to 19 years old. When initially captured, U.S. officials reported Muse as being 16 to 20 years old, and that his name was Abduhl Wali-i-Musi. U.S. secretary of defense Robert Gates asserted that all four pirate suspects were between the ages of 17 and 19.

Muse's mother, Adar Abdurahman Hassan, stated in a telephone interview with the Associated Press that U.S. authorities had both his name and age wrong. She indicated that Muse was 16 years old, named him as Abdi Wali Abdulqadir Muse, and stated that he had gone missing after heading for school 15 days before the hijacking. Muse's father, Abdiqadir Muse Gedi, gave his son's birthdate as 20 November 1993, which would have made him 15 at the time of the hijacking. In an interview with the BBC Somali service, Muse's mother also appealed to the U.S. government and president to free her son, asserting that Muse had been lured into pirate activity by "gangsters with money". She claimed that he had only been involved in piracy for 15 days, while the U.S. judiciary determined that Muse had led piracy activities for five weeks before targeting the Maersk Alabama.