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Aben Humeya
Muhammad ibn Umayyah (Arabic: محمد بن أمية) better known by the hispanicized version of his name, Aben Humeya (born Fernando de Válor y Córdoba, c. 1546 – 20 October 1569), was a Morisco leader proclaimed King of the Moriscos by the insurgents in 1568, he organized guerrilla resistance in the mountainous region of the Alpujarras. He commanded the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain in the Alpujarras region, within Granada.
Aben Humeya was born Fernando de Válor into a Morisco family on around 1546 in the village of Válor, located in the Alpujarras region of the former Kingdom of Granada, then part of the Crown of Castile. Aben Humeya claimed to be of noble lineage, descended from the Arab-Islamic Umayyad dynasty. The name Aben Humeya is the Hispanicized version of the Arabic name Ibn Umayya, meaning "Son of Umayya" meant to hint descent from the Umayyads.
Prior to the commencement of the Morisco revolt, Aben Humeya had been a town councilor within the region of Granada, and had been under house arrest for pulling out a dagger in the city council.
It is alleged that to provoke a rebellion which would give him a proper reason to expel the Moriscos of southern Spain, Philip II of Spain broke his promises previously made in treaties made with the Muslims and issued an edict requiring Moriscos to give up their Arabic names, their traditional Moorish dress, and even prohibited the speaking of Arabic. They were also told that they would have to give up their children to be educated by Christian priests. The American historian Henry Charles Lea wrote: "The Moriscos had come to the parting of the ways; there was no middle course and they had the naked alternative of submission or rebellion."
The increasing persecution of the remaining Morisco population of the former Emirate of Granada, led to the outbreak of armed rebellion. The revolt was planned by Ferag ben Ferag, descended from the royal house of Granada and Diego López Ben Aboo. They carefully ascertained the dispositions of the inhabitants of the Alpujarras, where the best stand could be made against the royal forces, solicited aid from the kings of Morocco, and persuaded the local bandits to embrace their cause.
On Christmas Eve of 1568, representatives of the Crypto-Muslims from Granada, specifically the Alpujarras, and from elsewhere clandestinely assembled at the Vale de Lecrin to acclaim de Valor as their king whom they renamed Aben Humeya, and apostatized. Aben Humeya also took four wives, hailing from many areas, in order to strengthen the political alliances on which he relied.
The insurrection led by Aben Humeya took the form of guerrilla warfare against the Castillan forces in the Alpujarra mountains. Initially numbering only about 4,000 men, the rebel forces quickly grew to about 25,000.
Diego Alguacil, a prominent Muslim from Ugíjar, was said to have harbored resentment against Aben Humeya for having forcibly abducted a widowed cousin and making her his mistress, when with her social status he should have taken her as his wife. Alguacil eventually married her in Tétouan six years later. In order to avenge his cousin's honor, Alguacil began plotting Humeya's downfall.
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Aben Humeya
Muhammad ibn Umayyah (Arabic: محمد بن أمية) better known by the hispanicized version of his name, Aben Humeya (born Fernando de Válor y Córdoba, c. 1546 – 20 October 1569), was a Morisco leader proclaimed King of the Moriscos by the insurgents in 1568, he organized guerrilla resistance in the mountainous region of the Alpujarras. He commanded the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain in the Alpujarras region, within Granada.
Aben Humeya was born Fernando de Válor into a Morisco family on around 1546 in the village of Válor, located in the Alpujarras region of the former Kingdom of Granada, then part of the Crown of Castile. Aben Humeya claimed to be of noble lineage, descended from the Arab-Islamic Umayyad dynasty. The name Aben Humeya is the Hispanicized version of the Arabic name Ibn Umayya, meaning "Son of Umayya" meant to hint descent from the Umayyads.
Prior to the commencement of the Morisco revolt, Aben Humeya had been a town councilor within the region of Granada, and had been under house arrest for pulling out a dagger in the city council.
It is alleged that to provoke a rebellion which would give him a proper reason to expel the Moriscos of southern Spain, Philip II of Spain broke his promises previously made in treaties made with the Muslims and issued an edict requiring Moriscos to give up their Arabic names, their traditional Moorish dress, and even prohibited the speaking of Arabic. They were also told that they would have to give up their children to be educated by Christian priests. The American historian Henry Charles Lea wrote: "The Moriscos had come to the parting of the ways; there was no middle course and they had the naked alternative of submission or rebellion."
The increasing persecution of the remaining Morisco population of the former Emirate of Granada, led to the outbreak of armed rebellion. The revolt was planned by Ferag ben Ferag, descended from the royal house of Granada and Diego López Ben Aboo. They carefully ascertained the dispositions of the inhabitants of the Alpujarras, where the best stand could be made against the royal forces, solicited aid from the kings of Morocco, and persuaded the local bandits to embrace their cause.
On Christmas Eve of 1568, representatives of the Crypto-Muslims from Granada, specifically the Alpujarras, and from elsewhere clandestinely assembled at the Vale de Lecrin to acclaim de Valor as their king whom they renamed Aben Humeya, and apostatized. Aben Humeya also took four wives, hailing from many areas, in order to strengthen the political alliances on which he relied.
The insurrection led by Aben Humeya took the form of guerrilla warfare against the Castillan forces in the Alpujarra mountains. Initially numbering only about 4,000 men, the rebel forces quickly grew to about 25,000.
Diego Alguacil, a prominent Muslim from Ugíjar, was said to have harbored resentment against Aben Humeya for having forcibly abducted a widowed cousin and making her his mistress, when with her social status he should have taken her as his wife. Alguacil eventually married her in Tétouan six years later. In order to avenge his cousin's honor, Alguacil began plotting Humeya's downfall.