Andean Community
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Andean Community

The Andean Community (Spanish: Comunidad Andina de Naciones, CAN) is an international organization in South America. It consists of the member states Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru and aims at the economic, political and social integration of these states.

CAN is also a free trade area with the objective of creating a customs union comprising the South American countries. The organization was called the Andean Pact (Pacto Andino) until 1996 and came into existence when the Cartagena Agreement was signed in 1969. Since the reform by the Trujillo Protocol of 1997 it called Comunidad Andina de Naciones. Its headquarters are in Lima, Peru.

The Andean Community has 113 million inhabitants over an area of approximately 3,800,000 km2. Its GDP has gone up to US$745.300 billion in 2005, including Venezuela, which was a member at the time. Its estimated PPP of GDP for 2011 amounts to US$902.86 billion, excluding Venezuela.

The supranational characteristics of CAN are the reason why the Andean Community is considered the most robust subregional organization in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Cartagena Agreement of 26 May 1969 is the legal basis of the Andean legal order, a supranational legal order modeled on European Community law.

Although characterized by greater intergovernmentalism, the Andean Community is clearly modeled on the European Union in its basic elements. The Community is empowered to adopt its own legal acts, which are directly applicable in the member states and can grant individual rights without the need for further ratification. Furthermore, Andean Community law takes precedence over national law. These supranational characteristics of the Community are the reason why the Andean Community is considered the most robust subregional organization in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The Member States drafted a treaty establishing the Andean Court of Justice (AGHV), which in its legal effects is partly similar to an additional protocol to the AC.

The original Andean Pact was founded in 1969 by Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. In 1973 the pact gained its sixth member, Venezuela. In 1976 however, its membership was again reduced to five when Chile withdrew. Venezuela announced its withdrawal in 2006, reducing the Andean Community to four member states.

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