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Arak, Iran
Arak (Persian: اراک; IPA: [æˈɾɒːkʲ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.
The city is nicknamed the "Industrial Capital of Iran". Industrial factories include Machine Sazi Arak and the Iranian Aluminium Company, which produce nearly half of the needs of the country in the steel, petrochemical, and locomotive industries.
In 2025, during the Iran-Israel war, Israel told residents of Arak to evacuate prior to an Israeli strike on the Arak heavy water reactor.
Arâk, as the city has been known since the Middle Ages, derives from Arabic al-ʿIrāq, meaning "root", itself derived possibly from Akkadian Uruk (Hebrew: אֶרֶךְ, Erech). According to Ali Nourai, Arak comes from the same root as pIran and Arran, and Iraq is an Arabicized Persian word.
During the Seljuk era, a region comprising the whole territory of Media (northwestern Iran) and the lower part of Mesopotamia was referred to as Iraq; with the Median part called ʿErâq-e ʿAjam ("Iraq of the Ajam [non-Arabic speakers]"), and the Mesopotamian part called ʿErâq-e ʿArab ("Iraq of the Arab").
The term Soltân Âbâd is a Persian compound word.
Soltân, deriving from Arabic sulṭān ("power", "authority"), is a Near Eastern noble title given to a powerful governor. Modern Persian âbâd, meaning "settlement" or "abode", derives from Middle Persian āpāt ("populous"). However, according to linguist Sasha Lubotsky, the Persian term ābād might derive from Proto-Iranian *āpāta ("protected"), rooting from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- ("to protect").
Originally named Soltan Abad, the modern-day city of Arak was founded in 1808 by Yusef Khan-e Gorji, a pro-Iranian warlord of Georgian Muslim origin who was given refuge by Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Khan following a territorial dispute with his cousins, who were supported by Russian empress Catherine the Great.
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Arak, Iran
Arak (Persian: اراک; IPA: [æˈɾɒːkʲ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Arak County, Markazi province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.
The city is nicknamed the "Industrial Capital of Iran". Industrial factories include Machine Sazi Arak and the Iranian Aluminium Company, which produce nearly half of the needs of the country in the steel, petrochemical, and locomotive industries.
In 2025, during the Iran-Israel war, Israel told residents of Arak to evacuate prior to an Israeli strike on the Arak heavy water reactor.
Arâk, as the city has been known since the Middle Ages, derives from Arabic al-ʿIrāq, meaning "root", itself derived possibly from Akkadian Uruk (Hebrew: אֶרֶךְ, Erech). According to Ali Nourai, Arak comes from the same root as pIran and Arran, and Iraq is an Arabicized Persian word.
During the Seljuk era, a region comprising the whole territory of Media (northwestern Iran) and the lower part of Mesopotamia was referred to as Iraq; with the Median part called ʿErâq-e ʿAjam ("Iraq of the Ajam [non-Arabic speakers]"), and the Mesopotamian part called ʿErâq-e ʿArab ("Iraq of the Arab").
The term Soltân Âbâd is a Persian compound word.
Soltân, deriving from Arabic sulṭān ("power", "authority"), is a Near Eastern noble title given to a powerful governor. Modern Persian âbâd, meaning "settlement" or "abode", derives from Middle Persian āpāt ("populous"). However, according to linguist Sasha Lubotsky, the Persian term ābād might derive from Proto-Iranian *āpāta ("protected"), rooting from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- ("to protect").
Originally named Soltan Abad, the modern-day city of Arak was founded in 1808 by Yusef Khan-e Gorji, a pro-Iranian warlord of Georgian Muslim origin who was given refuge by Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Khan following a territorial dispute with his cousins, who were supported by Russian empress Catherine the Great.