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Awali (river)
View on Wikipedia| Awali | |
|---|---|
 Awali river | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Lebanon |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Barouk and Niha mountains, Lebanon |
| Mouth | |
• location | the Mediterranean |
| Length | 48 km (30 mi) |
| Basin size | 294 km2 (114 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 10.1625 m3/s (358.89 cu ft/s) |
The Awali (Arabic: نهر الأولي / ALA-LC: Nahr al-Awalī, ancient Bostrenus / Bostrenos)[1][2] is a perennial river flowing in Southern Lebanon.[3] In ancient times, it was known as the Asclepius River. The Awali, which is 48 kilometres (30 mi) long, originates from the Barouk mountain at an elevation of 1,492 metres (4,895 ft) and from the Niha mountain. Two tributaries, the Barouk and Aaray rivers, supplement the Awali. The river is also called the Bisri river in its upper section. It flows along the western face of Mount Lebanon and empties into the Mediterranean. The Awali has a discharge rate of approximately 10.1625 m3/s (358.89 cu ft/s) and drains a watershed covering about 294 km2 (114 sq mi).[4] The river flows into Joun Lake, part of the Bisri Dam project aimed at improving the region’s fresh water supply.[5][6] A significant portion of funding for the Bisri Dam project, provided by the World Bank, was canceled in September 2020.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Renan, Ernest (1864). Mission de Phénicie dirigée par Ernest Renan: Texte (in French). Impr. impériale. p. 506.
- ^ Lipiński, Edward (1992). Dictionnaire de la civilisation phénicienne et punique (in French). Brepols. p. 77. ISBN 978-2-503-50033-1.
- ^ Lebanese Ministry of Environment (2008). Lebanon State of the Environment Report (PDF). Beirut: Ministry of Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ Arab Resource Development (2003). INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CAMP AREA WITH DEMONSTRATIONS IN DAMOUR, SARAFAND AND NAQOURA MUNICIPALITIES (PDF). Beirut: Ministry of Environment. p. 55. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Greater Beirut Water Supply Augmentation Project: Environment and Social Impact Assessment" (PDF).
- ^ Ray, Kirshen and Vogel, Patrick A., Paul H., and Richard M. (2010). "Integrated Optimization of Dual Quality Water and Wastewater System". Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 136: 11 – via ascelibrary.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Q&A: Bisri Dam Project Cancelation". World Bank. Retrieved 2021-02-09.