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Banu Aws
The Banū Aws (Arabic: بنو أوس pronounced [ˈbanuː ʔaws], "Sons of Aws") or simply Aws (Arabic: أوس, also romanised as Aus) was one of the main Arab tribes of Medina. The other was Khazraj, and the two, constituted the Ansar ("Helpers of Muhammad”) after the Hijra.
The Aws tribe descend from the ancient tribe al-Azd, a branch of the Qahtanite Arabs Aws and Khazraj were known as Banū Qayla (بنو قيلة [ˈbænuː ˈqɑjlæ]) in pre-Islamic era.
The word al-Aws means "the gift", probably a contraction for Aws Manāt (Arabic: أوس مناة, "the gift of Manāt"). The name was changed in Islamic times to Aws Allāh (Arabic: أوس الله).
About AD 300, Thaʻlaba bin ʻAmr, grand father of al-Aws, separated from his tribe and settled in Yathrib (Medina), which was then controlled by Jewish clans, and the Banu Qayla were subordinate to the Jews for some time, until Mālik bin Ajlān of Khazraj asserts independence of the Jews so Aws and Khazraj obtained a share of palm trees and strongholds. Thus, about the 5th century, the Banu Qayla took control of Yathrib, and Jews retired into the background for about a century.
During the period before the Hijra, Abu Qays al-Aslat of the clan of Wāʼil, the leader of Aws, gave away the leadership to Ḥuḍayr bin Simāk of ʻAbd al-Ashhal. After a serious defeat, ʻAbd al-Ashhal and Ẓafar were withdrawn from Yathrib. The opposing leader, ʻAmr bin Nuʻmān, of the Khazrajite clan of Bayāḍa, drove the Jewish tribes of Banu Qurayza and Banu Nadir into alliance of the two. Nomads of Muzayna joined them too. Most of the Khazraj except ʻAbd Allāh bin Ubayy and another Khazraj leader, as well as the Jewish tribe Banū Qaynuqāʻ and the nomadic Juhayna and Ashjaʻ, supported ‘Amr bin Nu‘mān. The Awsite clan of Ḥāritha remained neutral. Then, in about 617, the Yawm al-Bu'ath began: the Aws forced back at first but finally defeated their opponents. The leaders of both sides were killed.
Shi'a sources say they were Jews, But a Jewish source says that they and the Banu Khazraj were Arab tribes from Yemen who came to Medina in the fourth century. The Jewish source says that the two tribes took the power of Medina from the Jews in the 5th century by "calling in outside assistance and treacherously massacring at a banquet".
A Shi'a source says that they had been fighting for 120 years and were enemies. The Jewish source states that they went to war against each other in the Battle of Bu'ath a few years before the Islamic prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina.
There were many Jewish tribes in Medina: Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, Banu Qaynuqa and 9 others, if not more, as referenced in the Medina mutual peace and security treaty (although Qaynuqa, Nadir, and Qurayza aren't named in the treaty). Some where familial clans of larger non-Jewish Arab tribes (e.g. Banu Aws, whom took initiative to invite and provide refuge to Mohammad and his first followers thus earning 'Al-Ansar' title) while some others had non-Jewish familial clans within their tribes, and others were purely Jewish.
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Banu Aws
The Banū Aws (Arabic: بنو أوس pronounced [ˈbanuː ʔaws], "Sons of Aws") or simply Aws (Arabic: أوس, also romanised as Aus) was one of the main Arab tribes of Medina. The other was Khazraj, and the two, constituted the Ansar ("Helpers of Muhammad”) after the Hijra.
The Aws tribe descend from the ancient tribe al-Azd, a branch of the Qahtanite Arabs Aws and Khazraj were known as Banū Qayla (بنو قيلة [ˈbænuː ˈqɑjlæ]) in pre-Islamic era.
The word al-Aws means "the gift", probably a contraction for Aws Manāt (Arabic: أوس مناة, "the gift of Manāt"). The name was changed in Islamic times to Aws Allāh (Arabic: أوس الله).
About AD 300, Thaʻlaba bin ʻAmr, grand father of al-Aws, separated from his tribe and settled in Yathrib (Medina), which was then controlled by Jewish clans, and the Banu Qayla were subordinate to the Jews for some time, until Mālik bin Ajlān of Khazraj asserts independence of the Jews so Aws and Khazraj obtained a share of palm trees and strongholds. Thus, about the 5th century, the Banu Qayla took control of Yathrib, and Jews retired into the background for about a century.
During the period before the Hijra, Abu Qays al-Aslat of the clan of Wāʼil, the leader of Aws, gave away the leadership to Ḥuḍayr bin Simāk of ʻAbd al-Ashhal. After a serious defeat, ʻAbd al-Ashhal and Ẓafar were withdrawn from Yathrib. The opposing leader, ʻAmr bin Nuʻmān, of the Khazrajite clan of Bayāḍa, drove the Jewish tribes of Banu Qurayza and Banu Nadir into alliance of the two. Nomads of Muzayna joined them too. Most of the Khazraj except ʻAbd Allāh bin Ubayy and another Khazraj leader, as well as the Jewish tribe Banū Qaynuqāʻ and the nomadic Juhayna and Ashjaʻ, supported ‘Amr bin Nu‘mān. The Awsite clan of Ḥāritha remained neutral. Then, in about 617, the Yawm al-Bu'ath began: the Aws forced back at first but finally defeated their opponents. The leaders of both sides were killed.
Shi'a sources say they were Jews, But a Jewish source says that they and the Banu Khazraj were Arab tribes from Yemen who came to Medina in the fourth century. The Jewish source says that the two tribes took the power of Medina from the Jews in the 5th century by "calling in outside assistance and treacherously massacring at a banquet".
A Shi'a source says that they had been fighting for 120 years and were enemies. The Jewish source states that they went to war against each other in the Battle of Bu'ath a few years before the Islamic prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina.
There were many Jewish tribes in Medina: Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, Banu Qaynuqa and 9 others, if not more, as referenced in the Medina mutual peace and security treaty (although Qaynuqa, Nadir, and Qurayza aren't named in the treaty). Some where familial clans of larger non-Jewish Arab tribes (e.g. Banu Aws, whom took initiative to invite and provide refuge to Mohammad and his first followers thus earning 'Al-Ansar' title) while some others had non-Jewish familial clans within their tribes, and others were purely Jewish.