Bazhovism (Russian: Бажовство) is a Rodnover (Slavic Neopagan) movement focused in the Ural region of Russia, founded by Vladimir Viktorovich Sobolev in the early 1990s in Chelyabinsk, and incorporated as the Bazhovite Academy of Esoteric Knowledge of the Urals (Бажовская академия сокровенных знаний Урала). The name of the movement refers to the writer Pavel Bazhov, whose tales are the main holy scriptures of the Bazhovites. Bazhovism is regarded as the major new religious movement of the Ural region, and its theology is centred around the goddess of the Ural Mountains, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.

The Bazhovites regard Arkaim, not far from Magnitogorsk in the Chelyabinsk Oblast, as the navel of the Earth where there is an exchange of energy with the higher planes of the universe, and the Ural Mountains as the energetic heart of Russia, being the line of juncture between Europe and Asia. Bazhovites are mostly concentrated in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Perm Krai and Bashkortostan within Russia, but there is also a community in Kazakhstan.

Bazhovism was founded in 1993 in Chelyabinsk by Vladimir V. Sobolev, a chemical scientist. It is regarded as the major characteristically Ural new religious movement, along with a branch in Perm Krai, and was briefly persecuted under the governor Pyotr Sumin in Chelyabinsk Oblast. The Bazhovite movement integrates Slavic paganism with Roerichism within the framework of the tales of Pavel Bazhov. Besides Roerichism—from which it has acquired the practice of Agni Yoga, deemed the "Fiery Bible"—the movement also draws elements from Dunovism (the works of Omraam Mikhaël Aïvanhov are authoritative within the movement), Russian Orthodoxy and East Asian religions. The movement is Eurasianist in trying to unify European and Asian identity and in seeing the Ural Mountains as the location of their junction. Notably, the founder Sobolev proclaimed himself a reincarnation of the Chinese philosopher Confucius, and is considered by his followers as a prophet and diviner.

Because of its sacralisation of Bazhov's legacy, Bazhovism has been compared to the other Russian Rodnover movement of Vseyasvetnaya Gramota, which does a similar operation with the legacy of Alexander Pushkin. Similarly to Vseyasvetnaya Gramota, Bazhovism is also a religion with universal aims, as Sobolev wanted to establish a "world Bazhovite religion", and both the movements emphasise the need to recover a sacred knowledge which allows those who master it to interpret reality rightfully. According to Karina Y. Povstyeva, the Russian narrative genre of skaz, that in which Bazhov's tales are formulated, which combines real and unreal elements, lends itself particularly well to esoteric interpretation and doctrinalisation.

The tales of Pavel Bazhov are deemed the "Gospel of the Urals" within the Bazhovite movement, and their characters are held to be personifications of deities and saviours of the Urals. Bazhov presented himself as a reteller of sacred knowledge about the Urals, not as a creator of it, although this claim is not considered reliable within the academic community. In his At the Old Mine (1938), a critical essay about his own work, Bazhov says that he learnt the stories about Ural sacred knowledge from his grandfather V. A. Khmelinin (nicknamed Slyshko) between 1892 and 1895. In the popular science book Ural Hyperborea written by the Russian philosopher V. N. Demin, which contains an interpretation of Bazhov's tales similar to that of the Bazhovites, it is written that Khmelinin in turn learnt the sacred knowledge from other old storytellers, and that such knowledge ultimately arose from the "collective unconscious" of the Ural people. Demin parallelises the concept of "Ural" with that of "Hyperborea", both representing, according to him, the original undivided humanity bearer of an original "single mythology, culture, language and social system". According to Demin, Bazhov's tales present this very idea of "Ural Hyperborea".

In Bazhovite theology, the supreme God is called the "Father of the Universe" and is equated with the Logos, the supreme "Mind of the Universe"; his opposing power is the Earth, which is also identified with Lucifer, and is the source of all evil forces of disorder. To protect life on the Earth from the power of Lucifer, God created the "Mother of the World", whose assistants are the Mistress of the Copper Mountain (Khozyayka Mednoy Gory), who is the goddess of the Ural Mountains, and the "Great Leader"—identified with various incarnations, namely the Christ, before him Zoroaster in Arkaim, and in the future the Chud of the Urals. Yermak, a Cossack ataman of the 16th century, is deified as another of the "great incarnations" and as the "unifier of Europe and Asia". In a Bazhovite magazine he was described as follows:

Yermak connected Europe and dug the way to the East, from where the light always comes, where the mysterious Belovodye is located, attracting the seekers of God and meaning of life for centuries. Yermak knew about all this.

— Atlantis, 1995, No. 2