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William DeWitt Jr.
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William DeWitt Jr.
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William Orville DeWitt Jr. (born August 31, 1941) is an American businessman who is currently the principal owner, managing partner and chairman of the St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise which competes in Major League Baseball (MLB). [1] The Cardinals have won two World Series — in 2006 and 2011 — during DeWitt's time as owner. In addition to the Cardinals, DeWitt has also owned or invested in the Cincinnati Stingers hockey club, Baltimore Orioles, the Cincinnati Reds and the Texas Rangers. Business interests outside baseball include Reynolds, DeWitt & Co., which owns Arby's franchises and invests in the U.S. Playing Card Company and the petroleum company Spectrum 7.

Key Information

Early life

[edit]

DeWitt, the son of longtime Major League Baseball executive Bill DeWitt and Margaret H. DeWitt, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, where he attended St. Louis Country Day School. He was around baseball constantly as a child; his father owned the St. Louis Browns and Cincinnati Reds, and DeWitt served as a Browns batboy. On August 19, 1951, the little person Eddie Gaedel served as a pinch hitter at a Browns game, wearing DeWitt's jersey to the plate. He earned a bachelor's degree from Yale University in economics in 1963 and an M.B.A. from Harvard University in 1965.[2]

Early business ventures (1966–95)

[edit]

DeWitt was part of an investment group led by Francis L. Dale that purchased the Cincinnati Reds for $8 million from his father, Bill Sr., on December 5, 1966.[3]

DeWitt joined Cincinnati investment firm Gradison & Co. in 1974. In 1979, along with Mercer Reynolds, he founded the investment firm Reynolds, DeWitt & Co. The firm owns 63 Arby's franchises, whose value has been estimated at $50.4 million and is an investor in Cincinnati-based U.S. Playing Card Company, with an estimated value of about $120 million. It also holds a $40 million stake in Newport Aquarium in Newport, Kentucky.[4] DeWitt is also involved with DeWitt Capital Group, a private equity firm registered in 2012.[citation needed] DeWitt has been part owner of the Cincinnati Reds and the Baltimore Orioles.[5]

In 1984, one of DeWitt's business ventures, the oil company Spectrum 7, bought George W. Bush's Arbusto Energy, which, in turn, merged with Harken Energy in 1986. When Eddie Chiles prepared to sell the Texas Rangers baseball franchise in 1989, DeWitt and Bush gathered investors to buy the team.[5]

DeWitt has also held shares in the National Football League's Cincinnati Bengals and the former Cincinnati Stingers of the World Hockey Association.[2]

DeWitt was part owner of the Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati on December 3, 1979, when 11 people were killed prior to a concert by The Who.

St. Louis Cardinals (1995–present)

[edit]

In 1995, DeWitt and Stephen F. Brauer purchased the St. Louis Cardinals from Anheuser-Busch for $150 million.[6] He oversees all league, financial, operational and baseball affairs for the club.[2] Since DeWitt bought the team, the Cardinals have won two World Series (2006 and 2011), four National League pennants, 11 division titles, and have made 15 total playoff appearances.[7] Forbes estimated that the team was worth $1.4 billion in 2014 and $2.1 billion in July 2019.[8] The Cardinals are one of the largest privately held firms in St. Louis, bringing in an estimated $233 million in revenue in 2012.[9]

DeWitt during the 2011 World Series Parade.

In 1997, DeWitt established Cardinals Care, a nonprofit organization that builds baseball fields, helps youth baseball programs, and awards grants to children's boards. Through January 2017, Cardinals Care had distributed some $900,000 a year.[10] As of 2013, the organization has built 18 baseball fields in the Greater St. Louis area.[11] Since 2004, the organization has run Redbird Rookies, a network of 20 leagues for nearly 4,500 children around Greater St. Louis and in rural sections of Missouri and Illinois.[12] who would not otherwise have the opportunity. It provides equipment and other necessities to the players, training for coaches and organizers, and workshops for parents.

The Cardinals have purchased three of their minor league affiliates since the DeWitt group took over. In 1998, DeWitt purchased the Palm Beach Cardinals of the Florida State League (minor league A-ball) and, in 2005, the Springfield Cardinals of the Texas League (AA).[2] As of April 2013, the team had negotiated to purchase the Memphis Redbirds of the Pacific Coast League (AAA) from the Memphis Redbirds Foundation (MRF), a local non-profit entity. However, talks went on hold due to defaulted bonds on the building of AutoZone Park.[13] On November 16, 2013, the Cardinals announced a resolution to purchase the team while the city purchased the stadium. The Cardinals agreed to lease the stadium from the city while Memphis will upgrade the park.[14] In 2013, Forbes listed the Redbirds as one of the ten most valuable minor league franchises.[15]

To expand the Cardinals' international presence, DeWitt opened baseball academies in the Dominican Republic and placed representatives in six foreign countries.[2][16]

In 2006, the Cardinals moved from their old home, Busch Memorial Stadium, to Busch Stadium in 2006. The $365 million stadium is one of the few majority-privately funded MLB stadiums, along with the San Francisco Giants' Oracle Park and the Los Angeles Dodgers' Dodger Stadium.[17] Busch Stadium cost $45 million (12%) in a long-term loan from St. Louis County, while, by comparison the Milwaukee Brewers' American Family Field ended up drawing 77.5% in public funding.[18]

In conjunction with opening the new Busch Stadium, a mixed-use retail, entertainment, hotel, residential and office space known as Ballpark Village was planned for development adjacent to Busch Stadium. However, several years of delays postponed the groundbreaking and construction until spring of 2013.[19]

In 2009, the Cardinals hosted the All-Star Game.

DeWitt began emphasizing developing talent as much as possible through the minor leagues, rather than relying mainly on free agents. Seventeen of the 25 players on the Cardinals' 2011 World Series roster were Cardinals' draftees.[citation needed]

In January 2014, the city of Memphis cleared the Cardinals to purchase the Memphis Redbirds from the MRF.[20] Ballpark Village construction was completed and it opened in March 2014.[21] The Cardinals also announced the rechristening of the team Hall of Fame Museum, with an annual selection process commencing in 2015. Twenty-two former Cardinals players and personnel were announced for induction into the Hall of Fame for the inaugural class of 2014. Closed since 2008, when the International Bowling Hall of Fame moved to Texas, this reincarnation of the museum is located in the newly constructed Ballpark Village within the same building as the Cardinal Nation Restaurant.[22]

The Cardinals' value exceeded $1 billion for the first time in 2015 when Forbes appraised the Cardinals outright at $1.4 billion,[23] making them the 27th-most valuable sports franchise in the world,[24] and sixth-principal franchise in Major League Baseball (MLB).[23] It was an increase from an $800 million pricing and eighth in the echelon in 2014.[25] Their revenue was $294 million while their operating income was $73.6 million,[23] and their overall assessment was approximately $200 million higher than the MLB average of $1.2 billion. Mike Ozanian of Forbes remarked that the Cardinals were "baseball's biggest anomaly", with outsize value outpacing their status as one of baseball's "smallest markets", and Ballpark Village was a popular destination for dining and entertainment. The Cardinals' local television ratings (7.76) graded the highest among all major league teams.[26]

Reports surfaced on June 16, 2015, that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) were reviewing an alleged incident involving Cardinals' front office officials hacking into the Houston Astros' database of players, scouting reports and proprietary statistics. It was regarded as the first known case of corporate espionage involving computer network hacking in professional sports.[27]

On September 19, 2015, the Cardinals became the first team in MLB to clinch a playoff spot that season. It also extended a franchise record of five consecutive seasons of reaching the postseason, a record which the club had set in 2014.[28]

DeWitt has had votes in the Contemporary Baseball Committee in 2011-13, 2016–19, 2022, and 2024.

Political activities

[edit]

In 2003, President George W. Bush appointed DeWitt to be on the President's Intelligence Advisory Board and tapped his wife, Kathy, to serve on the National Endowment for the Arts.[29][30]

Personal life

[edit]

DeWitt and his wife, Katharine "Kathy" Cramer DeWitt, live in Indian Hill, Ohio. They have four children, Katie, Bill, Andrew, and Margot and twelve grandchildren.[2] Bill DeWitt III is the president of the Cardinals.[31] Andrew E. DeWitt is the founder and CEO of Dewey's Pizza.[32]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

William DeWitt Jr.

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

William O. DeWitt Jr. (born August 31, 1941) is an American businessman and sports franchise owner who serves as the principal owner, chairman, and chief executive officer of the St. Louis Cardinals team.
The son of longtime executive William O. DeWitt Sr., he grew up immersed in the sport and pursued higher education at followed by before entering the family investment firm, Reynolds, DeWitt & Co., where he focused on and .
In 1995, DeWitt led a group that acquired the Cardinals from for $150 million, transitioning the franchise to private ownership and overseeing its substantial growth in value to over $2 billion by the early 2020s.
Under his leadership, the Cardinals achieved two championships in 2006 and 2011, along with four National League pennants and multiple division titles, while maintaining financial discipline through revenue diversification including real estate development around .
DeWitt's , derived largely from Cardinals appreciation and prior investments, stands at approximately $4 billion, positioning him among Major League Baseball's wealthiest owners.
His son, William O. DeWitt III, serves as the team's president, continuing a three-generation legacy in baseball operations.

Early Life

Family Background and Childhood

William Orville DeWitt Jr. was born on August 31, 1941, in , , to William O. DeWitt Sr., a longtime baseball executive and team owner, and Margaret H. DeWitt. His father, born in 1902 in to parents William J. DeWitt, a butcher or grocer, and Lulu Sowash DeWitt, entered the baseball industry as a teenager in 1916 by selling concessions at St. Louis Cardinals games at . The elder DeWitt advanced through roles such as office boy, ticket seller, and eventually executive positions, including general manager of the (1940–1949) and president of the (1952–1961). DeWitt Jr. grew up in a family steeped in traditions, with his early years marked by direct exposure to the sport amid his father's career. Around age nine, during ' final seasons in , he served as a batboy for the team, an experience that underscored the family's multigenerational involvement in . He attended St. Louis Country Day School for his primary and , laying the foundation for his later academic pursuits at . The family's relocation patterns, tied to his father's team affiliations—including stints in , after ' move, and —further embedded in his formative environment.

Education and Early Influences

William DeWitt Jr. attended St. Louis Country Day School, completing his secondary education in his hometown. He subsequently enrolled at , where he earned a degree in in 1963. DeWitt pursued graduate studies at , obtaining a in 1965. His academic focus on economics and business administration aligned with the family enterprises in finance and investments, providing foundational knowledge for his later career. As the son of William O. DeWitt Sr., a longtime executive who began as a concessionaire with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1916 and later owned teams including the Cardinals (1953–1955) and Cincinnati Reds (1961–1966), DeWitt Jr. grew up immersed in baseball operations and management from childhood. This familial exposure, combined with his upbringing, fostered an early interest in sports franchise ownership and business strategy, influencing his eventual return to baseball.

Business Career Before Baseball

Entry into Finance and Initial Ventures

Following his graduation with a B.A. in economics from in 1963 and an M.B.A. from , William DeWitt Jr. pursued opportunities in . He entered the finance sector in 1974 by joining Gradison & Co., a Cincinnati-based investment firm focused on securities and . In 1979, DeWitt co-founded Reynolds, DeWitt & Co. with longtime associate Mercer Reynolds, establishing a specializing in corporate acquisitions, leveraged s, and financing arrangements. The firm quickly expanded into diversified holdings, including acquiring a significant stake in the restaurant chain through a 1986 that grew to encompass over 60 franchises by the early 2000s, generating steady cash flows from operations. This venture exemplified DeWitt's approach to value-oriented investments, emphasizing operational improvements and long-term asset appreciation over speculative trading. Among Reynolds DeWitt's initial forays beyond consumer sectors was Spectrum 7 Energy Corp., an oil exploration company DeWitt formed in the early , which merged with George W. Bush's in 1984 to inject capital into struggling drilling operations amid volatile energy markets. These early efforts laid the foundation for DeWitt's reputation in private equity, prioritizing disciplined capital deployment in undervalued assets while navigating sector-specific risks like commodity price fluctuations.

Major Investments and Partnerships (1966–1995)

In 1966, DeWitt participated as a minority in a group led by Francis L. Dale that acquired the franchise for $8 million from his father, William O. DeWitt Sr.. This marked his initial foray into sports-related investments, leveraging family connections in executive circles.. Following his graduation from in 1965, DeWitt transitioned to institutional investment management, joining the Cincinnati-based firm Gradison & Co. in 1974, where he focused on securities analysis and portfolio management.. In 1979, he co-founded Reynolds, DeWitt & Co. with longtime associate Mercer Reynolds III, establishing a specializing in corporate acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, and financing for middle-market companies.. The partnership emphasized value-oriented investments in consumer goods, , and manufacturing sectors, building on DeWitt's prior experience in .. Reynolds, DeWitt & Co. pursued several notable holdings during this era, including acquiring and operating roast beef restaurant franchises, which expanded to 63 locations by the early 2000s through systematic acquisitions and operational improvements.. The firm also took stakes in the U.S. Company, contributing to its growth in gaming and novelty products, and explored opportunities in energy via limited partnerships like True Oil.. These investments generated steady cash flows, with the firm's strategy prioritizing debt-financed expansions and divestitures for capital recycling.. DeWitt extended his portfolio into partnerships, serving as a limited partner and investor in the franchise and the hockey club of the .. In 1989, he joined a consortium including to purchase the Texas Rangers MLB team for $86 million, holding a minority ownership stake until its resale in 1998.. Similarly, DeWitt acquired a partial interest in the Orioles in the early before divesting, and in 1993, he led an unsuccessful bid to buy the team outright for a then-record $173 million, highlighting his recurring interest in undervalued sports assets.. These underscored a pattern of co-investing with aligned partners to mitigate risk while targeting franchise stabilization and revenue growth..

Ownership of the St. Louis Cardinals

Acquisition and Stabilization (1995–2005)

In December 1995, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., announced the sale of the St. Louis Cardinals to an investment group led by William DeWitt Jr. for $150 million, a transaction that included the baseball franchise, Busch Memorial Stadium, four parking garages, and related real estate assets. The purchasing consortium, known as the Southwest Bank group, comprised DeWitt as principal owner alongside local investors including attorney Fred Hanser, banker Drew Baur, and brewery executive Stephen Brauer, who committed to retaining the team in St. Louis amid concerns over potential relocation to markets like Tampa Bay. DeWitt, drawing on his prior experience as a minority owner of the Cincinnati Reds and Texas Rangers, assumed the role of chairman and chief executive officer effective in 1996, marking the end of Anheuser-Busch's 48-year stewardship that had produced two World Series titles but faced criticism for stagnant attendance and outdated facilities in the mid-1990s. DeWitt's early tenure emphasized financial prudence and operational continuity to stabilize the franchise, retaining Walt Jocketty—who had been hired in October 1995—and focusing on player development through the Cardinals' farm system rather than aggressive free-agent spending. This approach yielded immediate on-field results, with the Cardinals capturing the Division title in 1996, their first playoff appearance since 1987, followed by postseason berths in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, and 2005, compiling a of approximately .540 during the decade—superior to the .485 mark in the prior five seasons under . Revenue growth supported these efforts, as local television deals and sponsorships expanded, though DeWitt navigated challenges like a multi-year dispute over , which risked public funding battles and underscored the need for infrastructure upgrades. A pivotal stabilization initiative involved addressing the aging Busch Memorial Stadium, operational since 1966 and increasingly inadequate for modern fan expectations and revenue generation. In the early 2000s, DeWitt's group pursued plans for a new , securing approval in 2004 for a privately financed $365 million facility in , with construction commencing in 2004 and completion targeted for 2006 to coincide with the franchise's centennial. This project, funded through ownership equity, bonds, and from (retaining the Busch moniker), averted reliance on heavy taxpayer subsidies beyond minor infrastructure contributions and positioned the Cardinals for long-term viability by enhancing attendance capacity to 46,000 seats and incorporating revenue-boosting amenities like premium clubs. By 2005, these measures had elevated the franchise's valuation trajectory, transforming a sale price of $150 million into a foundation for sustained competitiveness without the debt burdens that plagued other clubs.

Championships and Sustained Success (2006–2019)

Under William DeWitt Jr.'s leadership, the St. Louis Cardinals achieved two World Series championships and made eight playoff appearances between 2006 and 2019, compiling the most postseason victories (46) of any Major League Baseball team during that span. The era began with the opening of the new Busch Stadium on April 10, 2006, which hosted the Cardinals' first World Series title in 24 years after defeating the Detroit Tigers 4–1 in the Fall Classic. Despite a regular-season record of 83–78—the lowest winning percentage for a World Series champion—the team surged through the playoffs, winning the National League Championship Series against the New York Mets 4–3. The Cardinals sustained excellence with consistent contention in the Division, qualifying for the postseason in 2009, , 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2019. In , they captured their second championship of the DeWitt era by rallying from a 3–2 deficit against the Texas Rangers, winning Games 6 and 7 on the road, with earning Most Valuable Player honors. This triumph followed a dramatic Wild Card berth after a late-season collapse that saw them overtake the on the final day. Subsequent deep runs included National League pennants in 2013 (lost World Series to 4–2) and 2014 (lost to 4–1), underscoring a postseason pedigree with 75 total playoff wins under DeWitt since 1996, the highest in MLB. This period of success relied on strong player development, scouting, and analytics rather than high payroll expenditures, as the Cardinals ranked mid-tier in spending while outperforming expectations annually. Key contributors included homegrown talents like , , and , alongside strategic acquisitions, enabling 11 consecutive winning seasons from 2003 to 2013. By 2019, the team secured another division title with 91 wins but fell in the to the , who went on to win the . Overall, DeWitt's emphasis on fiscal prudence and organizational depth fostered sustained competitiveness, with the franchise valued at over $2 billion by decade's end.

Management Approach, Financial Discipline, and Recent Challenges (2020–Present)

DeWitt's management of the Cardinals prioritizes a "draft and develop" model, emphasizing , minor-league development, and cost-effective extensions over heavy reliance on free-agent spending, a strategy he described in January 2025 as the "best way to build a team." This approach informed the October 2025 hiring of as president of baseball operations to orchestrate a youth infusion and long-term pipeline enhancement, shifting from veteran-heavy rosters that had underperformed. Ownership has overseen operational stability, including Busch Stadium's upkeep since 2006, while DeWitt serves as chairman of MLB's Finance Committee to influence league-wide fiscal policies. Financial discipline has characterized DeWitt's tenure, with payrolls consistently ranking in MLB's middle tier despite the franchise's revenue exceeding $300 million annually since 2015 and valuation surging from $150 million at purchase in 1996 to $2.55 billion in 2025. In 2025, competitive payroll stood at $131.2 million, placing 19th league-wide, down from prior years amid revenue stagnation and a pivot to pre-arbitration talent. DeWitt has publicly maintained that MLB ownership yields limited profits, necessitating restrained spending even as attendance averaged a DeWitt-era low of 27,778 per game in 2025, reflecting fan disillusionment with on-field results. From 2020 to 2025, the Cardinals posted a 445-423 regular-season mark (.513 winning percentage), securing wild-card berths in 2020 (30-28), 2021 (90-72), and 2022 (93-69) but exiting early each postseason against , , and , respectively. Performance declined sharply thereafter, with 2023 yielding a 71-91 finish, followed by 83-79 in 2024 and 78-84 in 2025, the latter featuring an early fade from contention and franchise-record low single-game ticket sales of under 18,000. Key challenges include the erosion of an overreliance on aging players like Albert Pujols' post-retirement void and Paul Goldschmidt's regression, coupled with scouting and analytics shortfalls that hindered draft returns after trading picks for short-term acquisitions. Critics, including team insiders, have attributed recent stagnation to ownership-enforced caps restricting front-office maneuvers, such as limited pursuits of high-end pitchers or hitters amid rising MLB salary . DeWitt countered in early 2025 by reaffirming a return to developmental roots, while seeking taxpayer support for upgrades to address deferred maintenance and sustain attendance-driven revenues. This has preserved equity growth but coincided with the longest playoff drought since the early 1980s, prompting fan and media scrutiny over competitive prioritization versus profitability.

Political Engagement

Republican Affiliations and Support

William O. DeWitt Jr. maintains a longstanding affiliation with the Republican Party, as documented in biographical trackers. His political engagement has primarily manifested through financial contributions to Republican candidates, committees, and causes, aligning with patterns observed among Major League Baseball team owners, where approximately 95% of donations from sports executives have favored Republicans in recent cycles. DeWitt has donated to the Republican National Committee on at least 13 occasions, supporting its organizational efforts. In the 2016–2020 federal election cycles, his contributions totaled $87,075, directed predominantly to Republican recipients, including individual candidates and party-aligned PACs. Specific examples include a $1,000 donation on March 8, 2019, to the campaign of Republican Representative Brad Wenstrup of Ohio. During the 2012 election cycle, DeWitt emerged as the top political donor among St. Louis Cardinals personnel, contributing $101,500, with the bulk allocated to Republican entities. Historically, DeWitt's support extended to Republican presidential efforts, including donations tied to George W. Bush's campaigns and inauguration, reflecting personal and business ties to the former president. These contributions underscore a consistent pattern of backing conservative fiscal and business-oriented policies, consistent with his background in and enterprise ownership, though he has not publicly endorsed candidates in high-profile races beyond financial involvement.

Key Donations and Influences

DeWitt has directed the majority of his political contributions to Republican candidates, committees, and causes, reflecting a pattern of support for conservative figures and party infrastructure. Between 2016 and 2020, he donated $87,075 to Republicans while making one $1,000 contribution to Democrats, according to data analyzed by . In the 2012 election cycle, DeWitt emerged as the largest individual donor among St. Louis Cardinals personnel, giving $101,500 in total political contributions, predominantly to Republican recipients. Notable donations include $2,700 to Jeb Bush's 2016 presidential campaign and $2,500 to Senator Lindsey Graham's 2016 reelection effort, both Republicans. In 2022, he contributed $5,000 to the Mast Victory Committee, a Republican leadership PAC associated with Congressman . Earlier, during the 2004 cycle, DeWitt participated in fundraising efforts for President George W. Bush's reelection, soliciting additional contributions from business associates as part of a post-election push. He has also supported Governor through donations amid speculation of a presidential run. These contributions have positioned DeWitt within influential Republican donor networks, facilitating access to party leadership; for instance, his business partnerships and giving aligned with efforts to secure ambassadorial nominations under Republican administrations, though no such appointment materialized for him directly. His giving underscores a broader trend among owners, where over 90% of sports team owner contributions since 2020 have favored Republicans, often prioritizing and policies beneficial to business interests.

Personal Life

Family and Succession

William DeWitt Jr. is the son of longtime executive William O. DeWitt Sr. and Margaret H. DeWitt. He married Katharine "Kathy" Cramer, originally from , with whom he has resided primarily in . The couple has four children: daughters Katie and Margot, and sons William O. DeWitt III (commonly known as ) and Andrew DeWitt. They also have 12 grandchildren. Among the children, has taken a prominent role in the family's baseball operations, serving as president of the St. Louis Cardinals' Triple-A affiliate, the , since at least 2016. This involvement represents the third generation of DeWitts in professional baseball, following DeWitt Jr.'s father, who held executive positions with teams including the , , and New York Yankees. The DeWitt family has articulated intentions to retain ownership of the Cardinals across generations, with DeWitt Jr. emphasizing long-term stewardship since acquiring the team in 1995. In 2024, referenced an established succession plan following his father's leadership, underscoring the family's commitment to continued involvement rather than external sale. While specific details of the plan remain private, DeWitt III's operational role positions him as a likely key figure in any transition.

Philanthropic and Community Involvement

Under DeWitt's leadership as principal owner and chairman of the Cardinals since 1996, the organization established Cardinals Care in 1997 as its nonprofit arm to support youth development in the region through , education, and wellness programs. The foundation has since distributed over $31 million to local initiatives, including the construction or renovation of 25 ball fields in underserved communities to promote access to organized sports and recreation. DeWitt has participated in broader charitable efforts tied to the Cardinals' platform, such as partnering with for the inaugural Saints Gala at on August 27, 2021, which raised funds for pediatric cancer research and treatment. He has also supported environmental philanthropy as a listed donor to the , an organization focused on and resource conservation. DeWitt maintains involvement in civic organizations, including service on the for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum since 1998, contributing to the preservation and promotion of history as a nonprofit institution.

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  46. https://www.mlb.com/news/cardinals-unveil-field-named-for-la-russa/c-86554194
  47. https://www.nyrdcast.com/2024/06/cardinals-care-boniface-foundation-and-gateway-region-ymca-celebrate-opening-day-for-new-adaptive-sports-complex/
  48. https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-busch-stadium-to-host-inaugural-saints-gala-to-benefit-st-jude-chi
  49. http://pdf.wri.org/wri_ar_05_donors.pdf
  50. https://baseballhall.org/aboutus/board-of-directors
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