The Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona (Latin: Congregatio Eremitarum Camaldulensium Montis Coronae) are a Catholic monastic order of pontifical right for men founded by St. Romuald. Its name is derived from the Holy Hermitage (Italian: Sacro Eremo) in Camaldoli, high in the mountains of Tuscany, Italy, near the city of Arezzo. Members of that community add the postnominal letters ECMC after their names. A second community, the Benedictine Camaldolese, are also based at Camaldoli and add the postnominals OSB Cam. Apart from the Catholic monasteries, ecumenical Christian hermitages with a Camaldolese spirituality have arisen as well.

The Camaldolese were established through the efforts of the Italian monk Saint Romuald (c. 950-1025/27). His reform sought to renew and integrate the eremitical tradition of monastic life with that of the cenobium.

In his youth, Romuald became acquainted with the three major schools of Western monastic tradition. The monastery where he first entered monastic life, Sant' Apollinare in Classe, was a traditional Benedictine community under the influence of the Cluniac reforms. Romuald chose to be under a spiritual master, Marinus, who followed a much harsher ascetic and solitary lifestyle that was originally of Irish eremitical origins. Some years later, Marinus and Romuald settled near the Abbey of Saint Michael de Cuxa, where Abbot Guarinus was also beginning reforms but was building mainly upon the Iberian Christian tradition. Later, drawing on his various early experiences, Romuald was able to establish his own monastic pattern, though he himself never thought of it as a separate entity, seeing it as an integral part of the Benedictine tradition.

Romuald moved around central Italy, founding several colonies of hermits (or "deserts"). Around the year 1012, he made his chief foundation, the Sacred Hermitage of Camaldoli in the Tuscan hills. There the monks lived in individual cells, but also observed the common life, with liturgical celebrations daily in the community church and common meals in the refectory. The monks at Camaldoli adopted the distinctive white habit, later characteristic of their tradition, and there emerged in these early years the combination of the two cenobite and hermit branches that afterwards became so marked a feature of the order.

Romuald and the early Camaldolese exercised considerable influence on the religious movements of their time. The emperors Otto III and Henry II esteemed Romuald highly and sought his advice on religious questions.

In his old age Romuald started on a missionary expedition to Hungary with twenty-five of his monks, but he was unable to accomplish the journey, and he died in 1027. The order was approved by Pope Alexander II in 1072.

There have been Camaldolese hermitages and monasteries at sites throughout Italy.

Currently two separate Camaldolese congregations exist: the Benedictine Camaldolese and the Camaldolese Hermits. Various unsuccessful attempts at reunion between them occurred over the centuries - the longest-lasting that of 1634–1667. In 1667, Pope Clement IX, recognizing the failure, issued a Bull establishing a definitive separation between the congregations.