Caritas Czech Republic (Czech: Charita Česká republika) is a Czech Catholic not-for-profit social welfare and humanitarian relief organisation. It is a service of the Czech Bishops' Conference and is the largest social welfare and charitable organisation in the country. Caritas Czech Republic is a member of both Caritas Europa and Caritas Internationalis.

The organisation today known as Caritas Czech Republic was founded after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, when structured charity organisations separated from Caritas Austria and began to operate in various places. At the beginning of the First Czechoslovak Republic, proclaimed in 1918, a network of Catholic agencies gradually emerged, first at grassroots level. This led to the creation of a national Caritas office in Prague in 1928. The goal of this organisation was to coordinate these actions. The Czech Caritas network progressively developed over the following years.

In 1945, right at the end of World War II, before the authorities responded to the need for immediate assistance for returning concentration camp prisoners and other war victims, Caritas opened canteens, assisted in document matters, and cared for and treated people. During that time, Caritas nursing stations were staffed by certified and volunteer nurses.separated

After the 1948 communist coup d'état, Caritas, a Catholic organisation, was consciously expelled from its social and medical environment by the State. The entire Caritas network was dissolved and replaced by a single volunteer organisation, the Czech Catholic Caritas. It was under state supervision and its activities were limited to publishing religious press and literature, selling devotional items and caring for elderly monks, nuns and priests.

The rebuilding of the organisation only started after the Velvet Revolution of 1989. The leaders of many local Caritas organisations were parish members, often participants in pilgrimages to Rome for the canonization of Agnes of Bohemia, or members of Christian relief committees formed after the devastating 1988 Armenian earthquake. In 1995, Caritas Czech Republic became a full member of Caritas Internationalis and of Caritas Europa.

Two years later, Caritas Czech Republic played a significant role as a primary provider of disaster relief during the extensive flooding in Moravia. The organisation actively participated in the reconstruction efforts, providing assistance to affected individuals, coordinating fundraising campaigns, and engaging in various support activities for the community.

In 2001, Caritas launched its annual Three Kings collection (Tříkrálová sbírka) for the first time.

Other major events that the organisation responded to were the 2002 floods, the COVID-19 pandemic (starting in 2020), the 2021 South Moravia tornado, AND THE arrival of Ukrainian refugees starting in 2022.