The Castle of Alcanede (Portuguese: Castelo de Alcanede), is a Portuguese medieval castle in civil parish of Alcanede, in the municipality of Santarém, in the Ribatejo district of Santarém.

Taken by the Romans in 49 B.C. the castro structure was expanded and successively occupied by Alans and Moors.

In 1091, the castle was conquered by forces loyal to Count D. Henrique.

In the course of political expansion and dominion, it was reconquered in the 12th century by D. Afonso Henriques who issued a foral (charter) for new settlers. Around 1163, though, it was donated to Gonçalo Mendes de Sousa, alcalde, who reconstructed the structure at his own cost.

In 1187, it was donated to the Order of the Knights Templar by King D. Sancho I.

This transfer was confirmed in a letter in 1300 by King D. Dinis. But, within a few years (1318) its title was transferred to the Order of Aviz. During this period the important construction of the keep tower, with its crown of merlons, was undertaken.

In 1370, during the reign of King D. Ferdinand, the men of Alcanede were free to participate in the work on the castle of Santarém, as long as they were able to maintain the walls in Alcanede.

A new foral was issued in 1514 by King D. Manuel, marking a period of prosperity for the town. In addition to the foral, the King also paid for part of the work on the castle and the parochial church, even as the extent of the interventions are largely unknown.