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Catholic Church in the Philippines
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Catholic Church in the Philippines
As part of the worldwide Catholic Church, the Catholic Church in the Philippines (Filipino: Simbahang Katolika sa Pilipinas), or the Philippine Catholic Church or Philippine Roman Catholic Church, is part of the world's largest Christian church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Philippines is one of the two nations in Asia having a substantial portion of the population professing the Catholic faith, along with East Timor, and has the third largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil and Mexico. The episcopal conference responsible in governing the faith is the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP).
Christianity, through Catholicism, was first brought to the Philippine islands by Spanish soldiers, missionaries and settlers, who arrived in waves beginning in the early 16th century in Cebu by way of colonization. Catholicism served as the country's state religion during the Spanish colonial period; since the American colonial period, the faith today is practiced in the context of a secular state. In 2023, it was estimated that 89 million Filipinos, or roughly 80% of the population profess the Catholic faith.
On May 4, 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued Bull Inter Caetera granted permission to the Spanish crown to make explore and conquer the mainlands and islands in Asia that came to be known as the Spanish Pacific and distinguishing it from the area granted to the Portuguese. Explorations were motivated by evangilization and finding spices. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out to the Pacific and discovered the Philippines in March 1521. Magellan's chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, noted mass was celebrated on March 31, 1521 which was an Easter Sunday in Mazaua and was attended by Rajah Colambu and Siaui. In commemoration a cross was erected on the site. There are contentions, however, on the actual First Mass in the Philippines with contradicting claims that it was held in Butuan, Limasawa, Bolinao, and Homonhon. They worked to evangelize the natives of Cebu and performed wholesale baptisms.
The Spanish Crown first entrusted the conversion of Philippine natives to the Augustinians. In 1564, the Culhuacan convent in Mexico City issued the religious warrant establishing the first branch of the order in the Philippines. In 1565, the Legazpi expedition set off from Mexico City and marked the beginning of the Hispanisation of the Philippines, beginning with Cebu. This expedition was an effort to occupy the islands with as little conflict as possible, ordered by Phillip II. Lieutenant Legazpi set up colonies in an effort to make peace with the natives and achieve swift conquest.
Christianity expanded from Cebu when the remaining Spanish missionaries were forced westwards due to conflict with the Portuguese, and laid the foundations of the Christian community in the Panay between around 1560 to 1571. A year later the second batch of missionaries reached Cebu. The island became the ecclesiastical "seat" and the center for evangelization. Augustinian Missionary Fray Alfonso Jimenez traveled into the Camarines region through the islands of Masbate, Leyte, Samar, and Burias and centered the church on Naga City. He was named the first apostle of the region. By 1571 Fray Herrera, who was assigned as chaplain of Legazpi, advanced further north from Panay and founded the local church community in Manila. Herrera travelled further in the Espiritu Santo and shipwrecked in Catanduanes, where he died attempting to convert the natives. In 1572, the Spaniards led by Juan de Salcedo marched north from Manila with the second batch of Augustinian missionaries and pioneered the evangelization in the Ilocos (starting with Vigan) and the Cagayan regions.
Under the encomienda system, Filipinos had to pay tribute to the encomendero of the area, and in return the encomendero taught them the Christian faith and protected them from enemies. Although Spain had used this system in America, it did not work as effectively in the Philippines, and the missionaries were not as successful in converting the natives as they had hoped. In 1579, Bishop Salazar and clergymen were outraged because the encomenderos had abused their powers. Although the natives were resistant, they could not organize into a unified resistance towards the Spaniards, partly due to geography and ethno-linguistic differences.
With the increasing number of colonists, Spain and Mexico pressured other religious orders to join the evangelical mission started by the Augustinian in the Philippines. The Franciscans arrived in 1577, followed by the Jesuits in 1581, the Dominicans in 1587, and Augustinian Recollects in 1606.
The Spaniards were disapproving of the lifestyle they observed in the natives. They blamed the influence of the Devil and desired to "liberate the natives from their evil ways". Over time, geographical limitations had shifted the natives into barangays, small kinship units consisting of about 30 to 100 families.
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Catholic Church in the Philippines
As part of the worldwide Catholic Church, the Catholic Church in the Philippines (Filipino: Simbahang Katolika sa Pilipinas), or the Philippine Catholic Church or Philippine Roman Catholic Church, is part of the world's largest Christian church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The Philippines is one of the two nations in Asia having a substantial portion of the population professing the Catholic faith, along with East Timor, and has the third largest Catholic population in the world after Brazil and Mexico. The episcopal conference responsible in governing the faith is the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP).
Christianity, through Catholicism, was first brought to the Philippine islands by Spanish soldiers, missionaries and settlers, who arrived in waves beginning in the early 16th century in Cebu by way of colonization. Catholicism served as the country's state religion during the Spanish colonial period; since the American colonial period, the faith today is practiced in the context of a secular state. In 2023, it was estimated that 89 million Filipinos, or roughly 80% of the population profess the Catholic faith.
On May 4, 1493, Pope Alexander VI issued Bull Inter Caetera granted permission to the Spanish crown to make explore and conquer the mainlands and islands in Asia that came to be known as the Spanish Pacific and distinguishing it from the area granted to the Portuguese. Explorations were motivated by evangilization and finding spices. In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan set out to the Pacific and discovered the Philippines in March 1521. Magellan's chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, noted mass was celebrated on March 31, 1521 which was an Easter Sunday in Mazaua and was attended by Rajah Colambu and Siaui. In commemoration a cross was erected on the site. There are contentions, however, on the actual First Mass in the Philippines with contradicting claims that it was held in Butuan, Limasawa, Bolinao, and Homonhon. They worked to evangelize the natives of Cebu and performed wholesale baptisms.
The Spanish Crown first entrusted the conversion of Philippine natives to the Augustinians. In 1564, the Culhuacan convent in Mexico City issued the religious warrant establishing the first branch of the order in the Philippines. In 1565, the Legazpi expedition set off from Mexico City and marked the beginning of the Hispanisation of the Philippines, beginning with Cebu. This expedition was an effort to occupy the islands with as little conflict as possible, ordered by Phillip II. Lieutenant Legazpi set up colonies in an effort to make peace with the natives and achieve swift conquest.
Christianity expanded from Cebu when the remaining Spanish missionaries were forced westwards due to conflict with the Portuguese, and laid the foundations of the Christian community in the Panay between around 1560 to 1571. A year later the second batch of missionaries reached Cebu. The island became the ecclesiastical "seat" and the center for evangelization. Augustinian Missionary Fray Alfonso Jimenez traveled into the Camarines region through the islands of Masbate, Leyte, Samar, and Burias and centered the church on Naga City. He was named the first apostle of the region. By 1571 Fray Herrera, who was assigned as chaplain of Legazpi, advanced further north from Panay and founded the local church community in Manila. Herrera travelled further in the Espiritu Santo and shipwrecked in Catanduanes, where he died attempting to convert the natives. In 1572, the Spaniards led by Juan de Salcedo marched north from Manila with the second batch of Augustinian missionaries and pioneered the evangelization in the Ilocos (starting with Vigan) and the Cagayan regions.
Under the encomienda system, Filipinos had to pay tribute to the encomendero of the area, and in return the encomendero taught them the Christian faith and protected them from enemies. Although Spain had used this system in America, it did not work as effectively in the Philippines, and the missionaries were not as successful in converting the natives as they had hoped. In 1579, Bishop Salazar and clergymen were outraged because the encomenderos had abused their powers. Although the natives were resistant, they could not organize into a unified resistance towards the Spaniards, partly due to geography and ethno-linguistic differences.
With the increasing number of colonists, Spain and Mexico pressured other religious orders to join the evangelical mission started by the Augustinian in the Philippines. The Franciscans arrived in 1577, followed by the Jesuits in 1581, the Dominicans in 1587, and Augustinian Recollects in 1606.
The Spaniards were disapproving of the lifestyle they observed in the natives. They blamed the influence of the Devil and desired to "liberate the natives from their evil ways". Over time, geographical limitations had shifted the natives into barangays, small kinship units consisting of about 30 to 100 families.
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