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Chlorurus
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| Chlorurus | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Chlorurus strongylocephalus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Tribe: | Scarini |
| Genus: | Chlorurus Swainson, 1839 |
| Type species | |
| Scarus gibbus | |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Chlorurus is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans.[3][4]
Etymology
[edit]The word 'Chlorurus' comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.
Evolution
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Chlorurus is most closely related to its sister genus Scarus. Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian).[5] In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene.[6] In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene.[5]
A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 Chlorurus species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades.[5]
Species
[edit]There are 18 species:[4]
| Species | Terminal phase | Initial phase |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorurus atrilunula | .jpg)
|
|
| Chlorurus bleekeri
(de Beaufort, 1940) |
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|
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|
| Chlorurus bowersi
(Snyder, 1909) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus capistratoides
(Bleeker, 1847) |
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|
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|
| Chlorurus cyanescens
(Valenciennes, 1840) |
|
|
| Chlorurus enneacanthus
(Lacépède, 1802) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus frontalis
(Valenciennes, 1840) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus genazonatus
(Randall & Bruce, 1983) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus gibbus
(Rüppell, 1829) |
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|
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|
| Chlorurus japanensis
(Bloch, 1789) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus microrhinos
(Bleeker, 1854) |
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|
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|
| Chlorurus oedema
(Snyder, 1909) |
||
| Chlorurus perspicillatus
(Steindachner, 1879) |
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|
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|
| Chlorurus rhakoura
Randall & Anderson, 1997 |
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|
|
| Chlorurus sordidus
(Forsskål, 1775) |
|
|
| Chlorurus spilurus
(Valenciennes, 1840) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus strongylocephalus
(Bleeker, 1855) |
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|
|
| Chlorurus troschelii
(Bleeker, 1853) |
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|
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|
References
[edit]
- ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Chlorurus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Scaridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus Swainson, 1839". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chlorurus". FishBase. March 2018 version.
- ^ a b c Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x.
- ^ Smith, Lydia L.; Fessler, Jennifer L.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Streelman, J. Todd; Westneat, Mark W. (October 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 136–152. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..136S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.008. PMC 3418665. PMID 18621133.
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