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Chord (music)

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Chord (music)

A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.

A chord is the sound of two or more notes being played at the same time. The term derives from "accord", which became "cord" in Middle English. The original meaning was an agreement or harmonious sound. In the 17th century, the spelling was changed to "chord" to prevent confusion with "cord".

Until the Middle Ages, harmony was any combination of two notes. In the Renaissance, the simultaneous sound of three notes began to be understood as the working definition of harmony. An arpeggio is a broken chord where each note is sounded successively instead of simultaneously. Chords can also be implied by melodies.

A chord progression is a collection of harmonies with a specific destination or purpose, such as reinforcing the tonic or modulation to a new pitch center. Chord progressions are common in Western music. Homophonic textures where the melody and harmony generally move in unison are considered the standard practice in classical music and remain central to music instruction. The study of harmony involves chords and progressions and the principles of connection that govern them.

Between the 16th and 18th centuries, chords developed into primary musical elements that were distinct from their polyphonic origins. In early church polyphony known as organum, a plainsong was paired with another melody. This two-part counterpoint developed gradually into ever more complex polyphonic writing.

In organum's simplest form, the plainchant was doubled in a perfect interval like the fourth, fifth, or octave. Chords were incidental results of the melodic lines.

During the Renaissance, polyphony became more complex. Seventh chords started to appear in the 16th century. In the Baroque era, seventh chords started to function in specific ways that enabled smooth voice leading and complex cadences. The dominant seventh chord in particular became a fixture of classical music during the common practice period.

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