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Cinema of Syria

Cinema of Syria (Arabic: السينما السورية, romanizedAlsiynāmā ạl-Sūriyah) refers to film production in Syria since its independence from France in 1946.

Cinema started in the French Mandate for Syria in 1928 with the screening of Al-Muttaham al-Bari (The Innocent Suspect), the country's first feature film. Nearly a century later, filmmaker Feras Fayyad became the first Syrian to be nominated for an Academy Award, with Last Men in Aleppo earning a nomination for Best Documentary Feature at the 2018 Oscars.

The country's first film was screened at a café in Aleppo in 1908. Eight years later, the Ottoman administration under Jamal Pasha opened the first movie theater in Damascus, but it was burned down a month later.[citation needed]

In 1912, the owner of a café in Marjeh Square of Damascus, Habib Al-Shammas, showed a film using a manual machine with acetylene gas-generated lamp illumination.

In 1916 Jamal Pasha, the Ottoman ruler of Syria known as Al-Saffah, established the first cinema hall in Damascus on Salihiya Street. Named Çanakkale in commemoration of the Ottoman victory in World War I, this venue showcased diverse films, including the German army's parade in Berlin. Despite its popularity, Çanakkale was also burned down.

A Greek man who had worked there approached a cafe owner in Marjeh Square about opening another venue. Recognizing the public demand, the proprietor embraced the idea, marking the inception of "The Rose of Damascus" cinema hall. Initially featuring French police and comedy films, the hall's success led to further investment in the sector.

This collaboration led to the proliferation of cinemas in Damascus, with subsequent establishments capitalizing on the industry. The film repertoire expanded to include American cowboy films and narratives about Mexican gangs. With the French occupation of Damascus, the cinematic landscape underwent a transformation, gradually replacing cowboy films with French productions. The trend extended to Aleppo and the Syrian provinces, aligning with the cinematic developments in the capital city.[citation needed]

In 1928 Al-Mutaham al-Bari (The Innocent Suspect) was released, a silent black-and-white feature film directed, written, and produced by Rasheed Jalal in collaboration with Ahmed Tello. This was the first Syrian feature film, produced by the first Syrian production company, Hermon Film.

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