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Hub AI
Classical Tibetan AI simulator
(@Classical Tibetan_simulator)
Hub AI
Classical Tibetan AI simulator
(@Classical Tibetan_simulator)
Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan is a liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism that dates from the 9th century. It particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. It is one of the handful of 'living' classical languages along with Arabic, Ge'ez, and New Persian, though it meaningfully differs from Modern Standard Tibetan.
There are four recognised stages of Tibetan: Archaic, Old, Classical, Medieval and Modern. Old Tibetan was used from the seventh century to translate mostly Sanskrit texts from the Mahāyāna Buddhist canon, though standardization in 816 CE during the reign of King Sadnalegs gave rise to the form of the language known as Classical Tibetan. Some medieval writers strayed from this written standard by using more colloquial phrases and words, compound words, and omitting case particles. This process continued to create the current differences between Modern Literary Tibetan and Classical Tibetan.
The grammar varies greatly depending on period and geographic origin of the author.[citation needed]
The phonology implied by Classical Tibetan orthography is very similar to the phonology of Old Tibetan.[citation needed] The following information is based on Hodge's description of Classical Tibetan.
Prefixes are usually silent with the exception of db- when preceding a, e, or o, where it is realized as [w]. The suffixes -g and -b are devoiced to /k/ and /p/, and the suffixes -d and -s are silent.
/ɑ/, /u/, and /o/ are raised to [ɛ], u [y], o [ø~œ] before the suffixes -d /∅/, -s /∅/, -n /n/, and -l /l/. All vowels are lengthened before the -gs /∅/ suffix.
Nominalizing suffixes — pa or ba and ma — are required by the noun or adjective that is to be singled out;
The plural is denoted, when required, by adding the morpheme -rnams; when the collective nature of the plurality is stressed the morpheme -dag is instead used. These two morphemes combine readily (e.g. rnams-dag 'a group with several members', and dag-rnams 'several groups').
Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan is a liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism that dates from the 9th century. It particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. It is one of the handful of 'living' classical languages along with Arabic, Ge'ez, and New Persian, though it meaningfully differs from Modern Standard Tibetan.
There are four recognised stages of Tibetan: Archaic, Old, Classical, Medieval and Modern. Old Tibetan was used from the seventh century to translate mostly Sanskrit texts from the Mahāyāna Buddhist canon, though standardization in 816 CE during the reign of King Sadnalegs gave rise to the form of the language known as Classical Tibetan. Some medieval writers strayed from this written standard by using more colloquial phrases and words, compound words, and omitting case particles. This process continued to create the current differences between Modern Literary Tibetan and Classical Tibetan.
The grammar varies greatly depending on period and geographic origin of the author.[citation needed]
The phonology implied by Classical Tibetan orthography is very similar to the phonology of Old Tibetan.[citation needed] The following information is based on Hodge's description of Classical Tibetan.
Prefixes are usually silent with the exception of db- when preceding a, e, or o, where it is realized as [w]. The suffixes -g and -b are devoiced to /k/ and /p/, and the suffixes -d and -s are silent.
/ɑ/, /u/, and /o/ are raised to [ɛ], u [y], o [ø~œ] before the suffixes -d /∅/, -s /∅/, -n /n/, and -l /l/. All vowels are lengthened before the -gs /∅/ suffix.
Nominalizing suffixes — pa or ba and ma — are required by the noun or adjective that is to be singled out;
The plural is denoted, when required, by adding the morpheme -rnams; when the collective nature of the plurality is stressed the morpheme -dag is instead used. These two morphemes combine readily (e.g. rnams-dag 'a group with several members', and dag-rnams 'several groups').