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Creative writing

Creative writing is any writing that goes beyond the boundaries of normal professional, journalistic, academic, or technical forms of literature, typically identified by an emphasis on craft and technique, such as narrative structure, character development, literary tropes, genre, and poetics. Both fictional and non-fictional works fall into this category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, poems, and even some forms of journalism. In academic settings, creative writing is typically separated into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or horror. Writing for the screen and stage—screenwriting and playwriting—are often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as well.

Creative writing can technically be considered any writing of original composition. In this sense, creative writing is a more contemporary and process-oriented name for what has been traditionally called literature, including the variety of its genres. In her work, Foundations of Creativity, Mary Lee Marksberry references Paul Witty and Lou LaBrant's Teaching the People's Language to define creative writing. Marksberry notes:

Witty and LaBrant...[say creative writing] is a composition of any type of writing at any time primarily in the service of such needs as

Unlike academic writing classes that teach students to write based on the rules of language, creative writing focuses on students' self-expression. While creative writing as an educational subject is often available at various stages of primary and secondary school (K–12), the most refined teaching of creative writing is in universities. Following a reworking of university education in the post-war era, creative writing courses have gained increasing prominence in universities. In the UK, the first formal creative writing program was established as a Master of Arts degree at the University of East Anglia in 1970 by the novelists Malcolm Bradbury and Angus Wilson. With the beginning of formal creative writing programs:

For the first time in the sad and enchanting history of literature, for the first time in the glorious and dreadful history of the world, the writer was welcome in the academic place. If the mind could be honored there, why not the imagination?

Creative writing programs are typically available to writers from the high school level all the way through graduate school/university and adult education. These programs are traditionally housed in English departments, but creative writing programs have increasingly spun off into their own departments. Creative writing undergraduate degrees tend to be Bachelor of Arts (BA) or Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degrees, but Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees also exist. Postgraduate courses include Master of Arts, Master of Fine Arts, or Master of Studies. Ph.D. programs are also becoming more prevalent in the field, as more writers attempt to bridge the gap between academic study and artistic pursuit.

Creative writers often place an emphasis on either fiction or poetry, and often starting with short stories or poems. Students then make a schedule based on this emphasis, including reading assignments, regular writing tasks, and workshops to strengthen their skills, knowledge and techniques. Screenwriting and playwriting courses may be housed in film and theatre departments as well as creative writing departments. Creative writing students are encouraged to get involved in extracurricular writing-based activities, such as publishing clubs, school literary magazines or newspapers, writing contests, writing colonies or conventions, and extended education classes.

Creative writing is usually taught in a workshop format, where students submit original work for peer critique. Students also develop a writing process through the practice of writing and re-writing. Courses also teach the means to exploit or access latent creativity, and may teach more technical issues such as editing, narrative structure, literary techniques, genres, idea generation, or overcoming writer's block. Writers such as Michael Chabon, Kazuo Ishiguro, Kevin Brockmeier, Ian McEwan, Karl Kirchwey, Rose Tremain, David Benioff, Darren Star and Peter Farrelly have graduated from university creative writing programs.[citation needed]

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