Dhoni (fishing vessel)
Dhoni (fishing vessel)
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Dhoni (fishing vessel)

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Dhoni (fishing vessel)

A dhoni (also written as thoni or dhoney) is a traditional multi-purpose sailvessel with a motor or lateen sails that is used in the Maldives, South India and Sri Lanka. Varying in size and shape, they are used as fishing vessel, ferry, trading- and cargo ship.

The term dhoni derives from Sanskrit dróṇa, meaning "wooden trough". Another theory presupposes a Dravidian (Tamil-Malayalam) origin, derived from the root word tull meaning "to dig" because the early traditional dhonis were made from a scooped or dug out single log.

Toni is mentioned in a Tamil inscription of about 1200/1256 CE from Krishnapattinam on the Andhra coast.

The traditional dhoni is one of the oldest known sea vessels in the Maldives. Many of these traditional sailing vessels were, of necessity, built using coconut palm timber. The sailing dhoni was used in earlier days by Maldivian fishermen. During the industrial revolution many fisherman changed to a mechanised dhoni.

The Tamil, Kannada and Konkani word for a small boat is doni and the Malayalam word for a small boat is tuoni, perhaps due to the tradelinks between Arabs and the Konkani people in Goa and other port cities in Konkan and Coastal South West India.[citation needed] Also of note is that the Somali word for small boat is doon, perhaps due to shared maritime history.

James Welsh, recounting his 40-year service in India, described doni:

The Doney, or Tony, of the Eastern coast, is a large awkward vessel, and carries very heavy cargoes, even to the ports on the western shore of the Peninsula. They have one mast, and a square sail, sometimes using a small topsail. They are reckoned sea-worthy; but have no accommodation for Europeans, and are generally very heavy sailers.

Dhonis used to be built without plans. The master carpenter took measurements and gave instructions to the carpenters. Contemporary dhonis are often built using fibreglass. Dhonis fitted with diesel engines are extensively used on resort islands for scuba diving purposes, their low freeboard being ideal for this activity.

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