Dongping County (simplified Chinese: 东平县; traditional Chinese: 東平縣; pinyin: Dōngpíng Xiàn; lit. 'eastern peace') is a county in the southwestern part of Tai'an, which is located in the west of Shandong Province, China.

In 2007 a remarkable series of well-preserved frescoes dating to the Western Han Period (206 BC - 25 AD) was discovered in a tomb as construction workers were excavating for a planned shopping mall. The frescoes show, among other things, one of the earliest pictorial representations of Confucius meeting Laozi.

This region is home to many Buddhist temples and some remarkable Buddhist inscriptions, originally texts were carved during the Northern Qi, but in the eleventh century these were carved over with pictorial images of Buddhas.

In 1438, migrating Hui people introduced Islam to Dongping County. During the reign of the Wanli Emperor, the Zhoucheng Mosque [zh] was built.

During the Cultural Revolution in Dongping County, religious activities were prohibited. Mosques were destroyed, imams were expelled, and the Quran was burned. The practice of Islam in the county was resumed in 1979.

The Shandong provincial government and the Dongping County government allocated special funding to restore Zhoucheng Mosque in 1997, and again in 2001.

As of 2020^[update], this county is divided to 3 subdistricts, 9 towns and 2 townships.

In 2016, Dongping County had a permanent population of about 762,100 people, of which, 41.35% lived in urban areas.