Edward Joseph Hanna (July 21, 1860 – July 10, 1944) was an American Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of San Francisco from 1915 to 1935. He was also the first chairman of the National Catholic Welfare Council, a precursor to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.

Edward Joseph Hanna was born on July 21, 1860, in Rochester, New York. His father, Edward Hanna Sr., was born in County Down in Northern Ireland and worked as a cooper. His mother, Anne Hanna (née Clark), was born in County Cavan, also in Northern Ireland. Hanna was the eldest of six children; he had two brothers and three sisters, one of whom died in infancy and another who joined the Society of the Sacred Heart.

Hanna went to a local public school for one year before the Diocese of Rochester was erected in 1868 and his parents enrolled him at the parochial school of St. Patrick's Cathedral. From 1875 to 1879, he attended the Rochester Free Academy. He graduated as valedictorian of his class, which included Walter Rauschenbusch, a future Baptist theologian and proponent of the Social Gospel. At the commencement ceremony, he delivered a well-received oration on Irish political leader Daniel O'Connell.

Deciding to become a priest, Hanna was accepted as a candidate by Bishop Bernard John McQuaid and sent to study in Rome. He took courses at the Pontifical Urban College for the Propagation of the Faith while residing at the Pontifical North American College, where he was made head prefect of the student body.

On May 30, 1885, Hanna was ordained to the priesthood at the Lateran Basilica by Archbishop Giulio Lenti, vicegerent of the Diocese of Rome. Following his ordination, he continued his studies at the Pontifical Urban College. In July 1886, he performed so well in a theological disputation that Pope Leo XIII granted him a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree without the need for further examination.

Hanna remained in Rome for an additional year, serving as a resident tutor at the Pontifical North American College and an assistant to Francesco Satolli, a theology professor at the Pontifical Urban College and the future Apostolic Delegate to the United States. In 1887, Hanna returned to Rochester and was appointed a professor at St. Andrew's Preparatory Seminary, a minor seminary for young men interested in the priesthood. When Saint Bernard's Seminary opened in 1893, Hanna was made professor of dogmatic theology and remained in that position until 1912.

In addition to his academic responsibilities, Hanna was active in several religious and civic organizations—including the Knights of Columbus, New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and the Rochester chapter of the Archaeological Institute of America.

In the summer of 1907, Archbishop Patrick William Riordan submitted a terna, or shortlist of three candidates, for the Vatican to appoint as coadjutor bishop of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Hanna's name was at the top of the list, followed by Richard Neagle of the Archdiocese of Boston and John Jeremiah Lawler of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul. However, Cardinal Girolamo Maria Gotti, prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (which then oversaw the affairs of the Church in the United States), subsequently received a letter challenging Hanna's orthodoxy. This criticism was based on essays Hanna had written on the human nature of Christ in the New York Review and on absolution in the Catholic Encyclopedia. The letter accused Hanna of Modernism at the same time that Pope Pius X condemned the same in his encyclical Pascendi Dominici gregis.