Ehud Olmert (/ˈoʊlmərt, -mɛərt/; Hebrew: אֶהוּד אוֹלְמֶרְט, IPA: [eˈhud ˈolmeʁt] ^ⓘ; born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer who served as the prime minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009.

The son of a former Herut politician, Olmert was first elected to the Knesset for Likud in 1973, at the age of 28. Olmert served as a minister without portfolio from 1988 to 1990, and as Minister of Health from 1990 until 1992. In 1993, he was elected Mayor of Jerusalem. He served two consecutive five-year terms before returning to national politics in 2003 to serve as Designated Acting Prime Minister, Minister of Trade and Minister of Communications. Olmert also served as acting Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2006, following the resignation of incumbent minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

In late 2005, Olmert joined Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in leaving Likud and forming Kadima alongside fellow Likud and Labor Party politicians. In January 2006, Olmert became the acting Prime Minister after Sharon was permanently incapacitated by a stroke. Olmert went on to succeed Sharon as Kadima leader, and formed a government following elections held that March. During Olmert's term, Israel fought the 2006 Lebanon War, which ended inconclusively. Olmert's approval dropped following the war, and he was harshly criticized for his handling of it by the Winograd Commission, whose findings prompted protests calling for his resignation. Olmert engaged in multiple rounds of peace talks with the Palestinians, including the 2007 Annapolis Conference, which ended following the breakout of the 2009 Gaza War.

Olmert resigned as prime minister in 2008 due to low approval ratings and a then-ongoing corruption probe. He remained in office until March 2009 and was succeeded by Benjamin Netanyahu. After leaving office, he was sentenced to six years in prison in 2014 for accepting bribes and for obstruction of justice during his terms as mayor of Jerusalem and as trade minister. He was released on parole in July 2017.

Ehud Olmert was born in 1945 near Binyamina in the British Mandate of Palestine. According to Olmert, his parents, Bella Wagman and Mordechai Olmert, escaped persecution in Ukraine and Russia, and found sanctuary in Harbin, China. Olmert's paternal family settled in Harbin after fleeing Samara in 1919. His father Mordechai grew up in the city and was a member of its local Betar branch. He and Wagman immigrated to mandatory Palestine from Harbin in 1933. Mordechai later became a politician and served as a member of the Knesset for Herut from 1955 to 1961. In 2004, Olmert visited China and paid his respects at the tomb of his grandfather in Harbin. Olmert said that his father had never forgotten his Chinese hometown after moving to Palestine. "When he died at the age of 88, he spoke his last words in Mandarin Chinese", he recalled.

Olmert graduated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with degrees in psychology, philosophy and law. He opened a successful law partnership in Jerusalem. Olmert served with the Israel Defense Forces in the Golani Brigade. While in service he was injured and temporarily released. He underwent many treatments, and later completed his military duties as a journalist for the IDF magazine BaMahane. During the Yom Kippur War, he joined the headquarters of Ariel Sharon as a military correspondent. Already a member of the Knesset, he decided to go through an officer's course in 1980 at the age of 35.

Olmert is married to Aliza, an author, playwright and artist. The couple has four biological children and an adopted daughter. The oldest daughter, Michal, holds a master's in psychology and leads workshops in creative thinking. Another daughter Dana is a lecturer in literature at the Tel Aviv University, the editor of a literature series, and a member of the Israeli human rights organization Machsom Watch. She is a lesbian and lives with her partner in Tel Aviv. Her parents are accepting of her sexual orientation and partner.

In October 2007, Olmert was diagnosed with prostate cancer.