Elena Jane Goulding (/ˈɡoʊldɪŋ/ GOHL-ding; born 30 December 1986) is an English singer-songwriter. Born in Hereford and raised in Lyonshall, Goulding began writing songs at the age of 15. She released her debut single "Under the Sheets" through Neon Gold Records in 2009, and signed with Polydor Records that same year, releasing her debut extended play (EP) An Introduction to Ellie Goulding. Her debut studio album, Lights (2010), debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart, and was reissued as Bright Lights, spawning three successful singles: a cover of Elton John's "Your Song", "Starry Eyed" and "Lights".

Goulding's second studio album, Halcyon (2012), was preceded by its lead single "Anything Could Happen", and a repackaged edition titled Halcyon Days (2013) produced the single "Burn", which became her first No. 1 single in the UK. She then collaborated with DJ Calvin Harris on two singles: "I Need Your Love" and "Outside". After the release of her third studio album Delirium (2015) and its lead single "On My Mind", Goulding received a Grammy Award nomination for her single "Love Me Like You Do", which was recorded for the soundtrack of Fifty Shades of Grey (2015).

Goulding took a hiatus from 2016 to 2020, struggling with an anxiety disorder and media scrutiny over false claims about her personal life. Her fourth studio album Brightest Blue (2020) became her third album to top the UK Albums Chart, and her fourth consecutive album certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It spawned several singles, including the hits "Close to Me", "Hate Me" and "Sixteen". She reunited with Harris on the single "Miracle", which spent eight non-consecutive weeks at No.1 on the UK Singles Chart in 2023. Goulding's fifth studio album Higher Than Heaven (2023) debuted at No. 1 in the UK, her fourth chart-topping album, making her the British female with the most number-one albums in UK history, tying with Adele.

Goulding is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Brit Awards, a Brit Billion Award, a Billboard Music Award, 17 BMI London Awards, and two Grammy nominations. She was honoured with a Decade Award by the Variety Hitmakers Awards in recognition of a decade of "undeniable hits" and TIME100 honoured her with the Impact Award for using her platform to protect the environment. She has sold more than 27 million albums and 216 million singles, and amassed 43 billion streams worldwide, making her one of the most successful British female singers of the 21st century.

Elena Jane Goulding was born on 30 December 1986 in Hereford, Herefordshire, England, to Arthur and Tracey Goulding, and was brought up in the small village of Lyonshall, in Herefordshire. She has a brother, Alex, and two sisters, Isabel and Jordan. When she was five years old, her parents separated. Afterwards, she had little contact with her father, a funeral director. Goulding and her siblings were raised by their mother on a council estate, with Goulding describing the family as "super poor". Goulding has stated that she has a "difficult" relationship with her mother.

Goulding began playing the clarinet at age nine and learning guitar at age 14. She attended Lady Hawkins' High School in Kington, Herefordshire and, by the age of 15, started writing songs. She took A levels in English, politics, drama and music, and passed three with "A" grades but failed music. She enrolled on a degree in Drama and Theatre Studies at the University of Kent, but did not complete her studies, quitting in her final year. After meeting Jamie Lillywhite, he became her manager and introduced her to the producer Starsmith, who would become her chief collaborator and the primary producer of Lights.

Although Ellie Goulding signed to Polydor Records in July 2009, her debut single, "Under the Sheets", was released through the independent label Neon Gold Records, appearing digitally in the United Kingdom on 15 November 2009. The single peaked at No. 53 on the UK Singles Chart following Goulding's appearance on Later... with Jools Holland (performing "Under the Sheets" and "Guns and Horses") and a UK tour supporting Little Boots. "Wish I Stayed" was available as a free download as Single of the Week on iTunes Store UK from 22 to 28 December 2009.

Before the release of her debut album, Goulding won the BBC Sound of 2010 poll, which showcases the music industry's top choices for rising stars. She also won the Critics' Choice Award at the 2010 Brit Awards, making her the second artist to win both in the same year. Goulding co-wrote "Love Me 'Cause You Want To" for Gabriella Cilmi's second album, Ten, and three songs ("Remake Me + You", "Notice", "Jumping into Rivers") for Diana Vickers's debut album, Songs from the Tainted Cherry Tree. Her song "Not Following" was used by German singer Lena on her debut album My Cassette Player. Goulding was featured on rapper Tinie Tempah's single "Wonderman" from his debut studio album Disc-Overy (2010).