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Ficus sycomorus
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Ficus sycomorus
Ficus sycomorus, called the sycamore fig or the fig-mulberry (because the leaves resemble those of the mulberry), sycamore, or sycomore, is a fig species that has been cultivated since ancient times.
Ficus sycomorus grows to 20 metres (66 ft) tall and has a considerable spread, with a dense round crown of spreading branches. The bark is green-yellow to orange and exfoliates in papery strips to reveal the yellow inner bark. Like all other figs, it contains a latex. The leaves are heart-shaped with a round apex, 14 centimetres (5+1⁄2 in) long by 10 cm wide, and arranged spirally around the twig. They are dark green above and lighter with prominent yellow veins below, and both surfaces are rough to the touch. The petiole is 0.5–3 cm (1⁄4–1+1⁄8 in) long and pubescent.
Flowering and fruiting occurs year-round, starting in April or later depending on variety, peaking from July to December. The fruit is a large edible fig, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening from buff-green to yellow or red. It is borne in thick clusters on long branchlets or the leaf axil. It is sometimes separated into five successive "crops".
The specific name came into English in the 14th century as sicamour, derived from Old French sagremore, sicamor. This in turn derives from Latin sycomorus, from Ancient Greek σῡκόμορος (sykómoros) 'fig-mulberry'. The Greek name may be from the Greek tree-names sykón 'fig' and moron 'mulberry', or it may derive from the Hebrew name for the mulberry, shiqmah.
The name sycamore spelled with an A has also been used for unrelated trees: the great maple, Acer pseudoplatanus, or plane trees, Platanus. The spelling "sycomore", with an O rather than an A as the second vowel is, if used, specific to F. sycomorus.
Ficus sycomorus is native to Africa south of the Sahel and north of the Tropic of Capricorn, excluding the central-west rainforest areas. It grows naturally in Lebanon; in the southern Arabian Peninsula; in Cyprus; in very localised areas in Madagascar; and in Israel, Palestine and Egypt. In its native habitat, the tree is usually found in rich soils along rivers and in mixed woodlands.[citation needed]
Two major varieties are known in Egypt. Roumi (also called Falaki or Turki), which has more horizontally spread branches, stouter shoots and petioles, more densely spaced leaves that are wider than they are long, and larger, flatter, broad pink fruits; and Kelabi (also called Arabi or Beledi), which has more vertical branches, is more slender, has smaller leaves and has smaller yellowish pear shaped fruits.
In modern history, many Egyptians would once a year (on the day of a particular saint) make a ring of bruises and cuts around the base of their sycamore trees.[why?]
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Ficus sycomorus
Ficus sycomorus, called the sycamore fig or the fig-mulberry (because the leaves resemble those of the mulberry), sycamore, or sycomore, is a fig species that has been cultivated since ancient times.
Ficus sycomorus grows to 20 metres (66 ft) tall and has a considerable spread, with a dense round crown of spreading branches. The bark is green-yellow to orange and exfoliates in papery strips to reveal the yellow inner bark. Like all other figs, it contains a latex. The leaves are heart-shaped with a round apex, 14 centimetres (5+1⁄2 in) long by 10 cm wide, and arranged spirally around the twig. They are dark green above and lighter with prominent yellow veins below, and both surfaces are rough to the touch. The petiole is 0.5–3 cm (1⁄4–1+1⁄8 in) long and pubescent.
Flowering and fruiting occurs year-round, starting in April or later depending on variety, peaking from July to December. The fruit is a large edible fig, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening from buff-green to yellow or red. It is borne in thick clusters on long branchlets or the leaf axil. It is sometimes separated into five successive "crops".
The specific name came into English in the 14th century as sicamour, derived from Old French sagremore, sicamor. This in turn derives from Latin sycomorus, from Ancient Greek σῡκόμορος (sykómoros) 'fig-mulberry'. The Greek name may be from the Greek tree-names sykón 'fig' and moron 'mulberry', or it may derive from the Hebrew name for the mulberry, shiqmah.
The name sycamore spelled with an A has also been used for unrelated trees: the great maple, Acer pseudoplatanus, or plane trees, Platanus. The spelling "sycomore", with an O rather than an A as the second vowel is, if used, specific to F. sycomorus.
Ficus sycomorus is native to Africa south of the Sahel and north of the Tropic of Capricorn, excluding the central-west rainforest areas. It grows naturally in Lebanon; in the southern Arabian Peninsula; in Cyprus; in very localised areas in Madagascar; and in Israel, Palestine and Egypt. In its native habitat, the tree is usually found in rich soils along rivers and in mixed woodlands.[citation needed]
Two major varieties are known in Egypt. Roumi (also called Falaki or Turki), which has more horizontally spread branches, stouter shoots and petioles, more densely spaced leaves that are wider than they are long, and larger, flatter, broad pink fruits; and Kelabi (also called Arabi or Beledi), which has more vertical branches, is more slender, has smaller leaves and has smaller yellowish pear shaped fruits.
In modern history, many Egyptians would once a year (on the day of a particular saint) make a ring of bruises and cuts around the base of their sycamore trees.[why?]
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