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François Certain de Canrobert
François Marcellin Certain de Canrobert (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁsəlɛ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ də kɑ̃ʁɔbɛʁ]; born François Certain Canrobert; 27 June 1809 – 28 January 1895) was a French Marshal. He demonstrated ability during the Second French Empire while participating in the Battle of the Alma, the Battle of Magenta, the Battle of Solferino and the Battle of Gravelotte. A staunch supporter of Napoleon III, he became, under the French Third Republic, one of the leading figures in the Bonapartist party and chairman, from 1876 to 1894, of the Senate within the French parliamentary group "Call upon the people" (French: Appel au peuple).
François Certain de Canrobert was born in Saint-Céré in Lot, where a statue (1897) in his effigy was erected in place de la République by Alfred Lenoir.
At his birth, his father, Antoine Certain Canrobert, a former captain, was already 55 years old. This officer of the Ancien régime had emigrated in 1791 and served against the French republic in the Armée de Condé (French: armée de Condé). His half-brother, Antoine, a brilliant officer and graduate of Saint-Cyr, was killed by a cannonball at the Battle of Ligny (French: Fleurus) on 16 June 1815, while fighting for Emperor Napoleon I.
Through his father’s sister, Marie-Louise, François Certain de Canrobert was the cousin of Adolphe and Marcellin Marbot, who became respectively maréchal de camp (général de brigade) and lieutenant-général (général de division) during the July Monarchy of 1830–1848.
On 19 November 1826, aged 17, Canrobert entered the École Royale spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr where he was designated as a caporal (corporal) on 18 May 1828. At his graduation, he was posted to the 47th Line Infantry Regiment (French: 47e Régiment d’Infanterie de Ligne) (RIL), with the rank of Sous-lieutenant starting 1 October. He served until 1840 and was promoted to lieutenant on 20 January 1832.
In 1835 he arrived with his unit in Algeria, where he engaged in combat on the edges of Oued Sig and Habra. In 1836 he fought in actions at Dar el Achen, Tafna, Sidi Yacoub, La Silal and Bet el Laham.
He was designated as Lieutenant Adjudant Major on 28 September 1836. On 26 April 1837 he was promoted to captain and occupied the function of Captain Adjudant Major. He took part in the combat of Medjeoly-Amar and the Siege of Constantine (French: Siège de Constantine) where, as an assistant to colonel Michel Combes (French: Combes), he was wounded; at the age of 27, Canrobert earned the Knight Cross of the Legion d'honneur.
He was assigned to the 6th Chasseurs Battalion à Pied (French: 6e Bataillon), on 17 October 1840. He took part in the battle of col de Mouzaïa in 1840 (French: col de la Mouzaïa). In the following year, he participated in actions at de Nador, de Moursia and confronted the Flittas. Designated as chef de bataillon (commandant – major) on 22 May 1842, he joined the 13th Light Infantry Regiment (French: 13e Régiment d'Infanterie Légère). On 16 October he transferred to the 5th Chasseurs Battalion à Pied (French: 5e Bataillon de Chasseurs à Pied), where he gained the Officer Order of the Legion d'honneur while demonstrating combat capability at Gontas, Baal, Tadjena, Battle of Sidi Brahim (French: Sidi-Brahim), then near Oued Lemig, during the combat Isly and at Riou.
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François Certain de Canrobert
François Marcellin Certain de Canrobert (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁsəlɛ̃ sɛʁtɛ̃ də kɑ̃ʁɔbɛʁ]; born François Certain Canrobert; 27 June 1809 – 28 January 1895) was a French Marshal. He demonstrated ability during the Second French Empire while participating in the Battle of the Alma, the Battle of Magenta, the Battle of Solferino and the Battle of Gravelotte. A staunch supporter of Napoleon III, he became, under the French Third Republic, one of the leading figures in the Bonapartist party and chairman, from 1876 to 1894, of the Senate within the French parliamentary group "Call upon the people" (French: Appel au peuple).
François Certain de Canrobert was born in Saint-Céré in Lot, where a statue (1897) in his effigy was erected in place de la République by Alfred Lenoir.
At his birth, his father, Antoine Certain Canrobert, a former captain, was already 55 years old. This officer of the Ancien régime had emigrated in 1791 and served against the French republic in the Armée de Condé (French: armée de Condé). His half-brother, Antoine, a brilliant officer and graduate of Saint-Cyr, was killed by a cannonball at the Battle of Ligny (French: Fleurus) on 16 June 1815, while fighting for Emperor Napoleon I.
Through his father’s sister, Marie-Louise, François Certain de Canrobert was the cousin of Adolphe and Marcellin Marbot, who became respectively maréchal de camp (général de brigade) and lieutenant-général (général de division) during the July Monarchy of 1830–1848.
On 19 November 1826, aged 17, Canrobert entered the École Royale spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr where he was designated as a caporal (corporal) on 18 May 1828. At his graduation, he was posted to the 47th Line Infantry Regiment (French: 47e Régiment d’Infanterie de Ligne) (RIL), with the rank of Sous-lieutenant starting 1 October. He served until 1840 and was promoted to lieutenant on 20 January 1832.
In 1835 he arrived with his unit in Algeria, where he engaged in combat on the edges of Oued Sig and Habra. In 1836 he fought in actions at Dar el Achen, Tafna, Sidi Yacoub, La Silal and Bet el Laham.
He was designated as Lieutenant Adjudant Major on 28 September 1836. On 26 April 1837 he was promoted to captain and occupied the function of Captain Adjudant Major. He took part in the combat of Medjeoly-Amar and the Siege of Constantine (French: Siège de Constantine) where, as an assistant to colonel Michel Combes (French: Combes), he was wounded; at the age of 27, Canrobert earned the Knight Cross of the Legion d'honneur.
He was assigned to the 6th Chasseurs Battalion à Pied (French: 6e Bataillon), on 17 October 1840. He took part in the battle of col de Mouzaïa in 1840 (French: col de la Mouzaïa). In the following year, he participated in actions at de Nador, de Moursia and confronted the Flittas. Designated as chef de bataillon (commandant – major) on 22 May 1842, he joined the 13th Light Infantry Regiment (French: 13e Régiment d'Infanterie Légère). On 16 October he transferred to the 5th Chasseurs Battalion à Pied (French: 5e Bataillon de Chasseurs à Pied), where he gained the Officer Order of the Legion d'honneur while demonstrating combat capability at Gontas, Baal, Tadjena, Battle of Sidi Brahim (French: Sidi-Brahim), then near Oued Lemig, during the combat Isly and at Riou.