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Francisco Savalls

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Francisco Savalls

Francisco Savalls Massot (1817–1885) also known as Francesc Savalls i Massot, was a Spanish Catalan Carlist warlord and guerilla field commander. He was born in the Province of Girona. He fought in all three of the Carlist Wars on the side of the Carlists. After the defeat of Carlos, Duke of Madrid in 1876, he went into exile in France, where he died in Nice on 19 November 1885.

Francesc Savalls was born at the family farmhouse of La Pera (Baix Empordà) on 29 January 1817, being the fifth son of Joan Savalls i Barella, a farmer from La Pera, and Joaquima Massot i Vehí, originally from Darnius. The Savalls were a family of rural landowners from Empordà, while on his mother's side he descended from important landed houses in the Girona area.

At the age of seventeen, Francesc Savalls participated in the First Carlist War, alongside his father and two of his brothers, achieving the rank of captain. Joan Savalls, colonel of the 23rd battalion, fell in combat on 11 April 1838 during the Battle of Sant Quirze de Besora, in the assault on L’Escala near Montesquiu, and died the following day in Vidrà.

In 1840, he went into exile in France, but returned in 1842 to join a group of trabucaires commanded by Ramon Vicens, known as Felip, who aimed to continue the war. He participated in the combat of L’Esparra and in the assault on Ripoll on 3 June 1842. For the Spanish government, the war had ended in 1840, and Felip's group was considered a band of bandits. Consequently, Savalls was tried in absentia at Puigcerdà and sentenced to ten years in prison.

He participated in the Second Carlist War (1846–1849), also known as the War of the Matiners. The records regarding his role throughout this conflict are scarce and confusing, but it is known that he took part in the action at Vidreres on 22 July 1847 alongside Marcel·lí Gonfaus and in an ambush near Matadepera in October of the following year. He was appointed commander of the Hostalric volunteer battalion. Arrested and imprisoned at Puigcerdà, from where he escaped, he was later detained again in Girona by the Guardia Civil on 14 September 1849. Soon after, he was released and left Catalonia.

After the defeat, he settled in Nice (then part of the Kingdom of Savoy), where he married Antoniette Vivaudo on 14 September 1854. Two years earlier, he had requested from Queen Isabella II to avail himself of the amnesty promulgated by the liberal government at the end of the war, as well as recognition of the rank of captain he had achieved during the First Carlist War, but the pending judicial proceedings against him for the incidents at L’Esparra and Ripoll prevented him from doing so, and both requests were denied.

He enlisted in the army of the Duchy of Modena until its incorporation into the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1859. The following year, as a captain in the corps of Papal Zouaves, he participated in the Battle of Castelfidardo against the Italian armies that sought the unification of Italy and was taken prisoner during the battle.

During the Third Carlist War, he had frenetic activity at the head of a guerrilla unit, becoming a legendary figure among the other Catalan Carlist groups. A keen expert on the territory where he moved his troops, he primarily used La Garrotxa as his hideout and counted on the support of many rural landowners and numerous informants who permanently warned him of the movements of government troops.

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