Abies fraseri, commonly known as Fraser's fir, or Fraser fir, is an endangered species of fir native to the Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States. It is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains, where it grows in 48 populations on seven montane regions in the range.

Abies fraseri is closely related to Abies balsamea (balsam fir), of which it has occasionally been treated as a subspecies (as A. balsamea subsp. fraseri (Pursh) E.Murray) or a variety (as A. balsamea var. fraseri (Pursh) Spach). Some botanists regard the variety of balsam fir named Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis as a natural hybrid with Abies fraseri, denominated Abies × phanerolepis (Fernald) Liu.

The species Abies fraseri is named after the Scottish botanist John Fraser (1750–1811), who made numerous botanical collections in the region. His name is sometimes misspelled "Frasier", "Frazer" or "Frazier".^{[citation needed]}

In the past, it was also sometimes known as "she-balsam" because resin could be "milked" from its bark blisters, in contrast to the "he balsam" (or Picea rubens, the red spruce) which could not be milked. It has also been called southern balsam fir, inviting confusion with A. balsamea.

Abies fraseri is a small evergreen coniferous tree typically growing to 10 and 15 m (30 and 50 ft) tall, rarely to 25 m (80 ft), with a trunk diameter of 50–75 cm (20–30 in). The crown is conical, with straight branches either horizontal to angled upward at up to 40° from the trunk; it is dense when the tree is young and more open in maturity. The bark is thin, smooth, grayish brown, and has numerous resinous blisters on juvenile trees, becoming fissured and scaly in maturity.

The leaves are needle-like; arranged spirally on the twigs but somewhat twisted at their bases to form two rows spreading either side of the twig, with some above the twing but few or none below the twig. They are 10–23 mm (0.39–0.91 in) long and 2–2.2 mm (0.079–0.087 in) broad, flat, flexible, and rounded or slightly notched at their apices (tips). They are dark to glaucous green adaxially (above), often with a small patch of stomata near their apices; and with two silvery white stomatal bands abaxially (on their undersides). Their strong fragrance resembles that of turpentine.

The cones are erect; cylindrical; 3.5–7 cm (1.4–2.8 in) long, rarely 8 cm (3.1 in), and 2.5–3 cm (0.98–1.18 in) broad, rarely 4 cm (1.6 in) broad; dark purple, turning pale brown when mature; often resinous; and with long reflexed green, yellow, or pale purple bract scales. The cones disintegrate when mature at 4–6 months old to release the winged seeds.

Fraser's fir is monoecious, with both male and female cones on the same tree. The cone buds usually open from mid May to early June. Female cones are borne mostly near the top of the crown and on the distal ends of branches. The male cones are borne below female cones, but mostly in the upper half of the crown. Seed production may begin when trees are 15 years old. Seeds germinate well on mineral soil, moss, peat, decaying stumps and logs, and even on detritus or litter that is sufficiently moist.