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Gabriele Münter
Gabriele Münter (19 February 1877 – 19 May 1962) was a German expressionist painter who was at the forefront of the Munich avant-garde in the early 20th century. She studied and lived with the painter Wassily Kandinsky and was a founding member of the expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter.
Münter was born to upper middle-class parents in Berlin on 19 February 1877. The youngest of four siblings, she had two brothers and a sister. In 1884, when she was seven years old, the family settled in Koblenz.
Münter began to draw as a child, and her family supported her desire to become an artist with a private tutor. After her father died in 1886, her mother arranged for her to receive formal drawing lessons through her school in Koblenz. In 1897, at the age of twenty, she received artistic training in the Düsseldorf studio of artist Ernst Bosch and later at the Damenschule (Women's School) with artist Willy Spatz.
By the time she was 21 years old, both of her parents had died and she was living at home with no occupation. That year, in 1898, she decided to take a trip to the United States with her sister to visit her extended family. Both girls had inherited a large amount of money, allowing them to live freely and independently. They stayed in America for more than two years, mainly in the states of Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri; six sketchbooks survive from Münter's period in America, depicting images of people, plants and landscapes. During the trip she also took photographs with a portable box camera (Kodak Bull's Eye No. 2) that she received as a present on her twenty-second birthday.
Her childhood and early adulthood greatly impacted her future artistic career. She had a free life unconstrained by convention. Münter studied woodcut techniques, sculpture, painting, and printmaking.
In 1901, she attended the beginners' classes of Maximilian Dasio at the Damenakademie (Women's Academy) of the Münchener Künstlerinnenverein (Munich Women Artists's Association). Münter then studied at the Phalanx School in Munich, an avant-garde institution founded by Russian artist, Wassily Kandinsky. There, she attended sculpture courses taught by Wilhelm Hüsgen.
Münter studied outside the official art academies in Munich and Düsseldorf, because these were closed to women. At the Phalanx School, Münter was introduced to Post-Impressionism and the marking techniques of a palette knife and a brush. Her vivid colors and bold outlines were somewhat derived from Gauguin and from practitioners of fauvism, whom she admired. Along with this, Münter was inspired by Bavarian folk art, particularly the technique of reverse-glass painting (Hinterglasmalerei in German).
Soon after she began taking classes, Münter became professionally involved with Kandinsky. This eventually turned into a personal relationship that lasted for over a decade. Kandinsky was the first teacher who had taken Münter's painting abilities seriously. In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Münter to join him at his summer painting classes just south of Munich in the Alps, and she accepted.
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Gabriele Münter
Gabriele Münter (19 February 1877 – 19 May 1962) was a German expressionist painter who was at the forefront of the Munich avant-garde in the early 20th century. She studied and lived with the painter Wassily Kandinsky and was a founding member of the expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter.
Münter was born to upper middle-class parents in Berlin on 19 February 1877. The youngest of four siblings, she had two brothers and a sister. In 1884, when she was seven years old, the family settled in Koblenz.
Münter began to draw as a child, and her family supported her desire to become an artist with a private tutor. After her father died in 1886, her mother arranged for her to receive formal drawing lessons through her school in Koblenz. In 1897, at the age of twenty, she received artistic training in the Düsseldorf studio of artist Ernst Bosch and later at the Damenschule (Women's School) with artist Willy Spatz.
By the time she was 21 years old, both of her parents had died and she was living at home with no occupation. That year, in 1898, she decided to take a trip to the United States with her sister to visit her extended family. Both girls had inherited a large amount of money, allowing them to live freely and independently. They stayed in America for more than two years, mainly in the states of Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri; six sketchbooks survive from Münter's period in America, depicting images of people, plants and landscapes. During the trip she also took photographs with a portable box camera (Kodak Bull's Eye No. 2) that she received as a present on her twenty-second birthday.
Her childhood and early adulthood greatly impacted her future artistic career. She had a free life unconstrained by convention. Münter studied woodcut techniques, sculpture, painting, and printmaking.
In 1901, she attended the beginners' classes of Maximilian Dasio at the Damenakademie (Women's Academy) of the Münchener Künstlerinnenverein (Munich Women Artists's Association). Münter then studied at the Phalanx School in Munich, an avant-garde institution founded by Russian artist, Wassily Kandinsky. There, she attended sculpture courses taught by Wilhelm Hüsgen.
Münter studied outside the official art academies in Munich and Düsseldorf, because these were closed to women. At the Phalanx School, Münter was introduced to Post-Impressionism and the marking techniques of a palette knife and a brush. Her vivid colors and bold outlines were somewhat derived from Gauguin and from practitioners of fauvism, whom she admired. Along with this, Münter was inspired by Bavarian folk art, particularly the technique of reverse-glass painting (Hinterglasmalerei in German).
Soon after she began taking classes, Münter became professionally involved with Kandinsky. This eventually turned into a personal relationship that lasted for over a decade. Kandinsky was the first teacher who had taken Münter's painting abilities seriously. In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Münter to join him at his summer painting classes just south of Munich in the Alps, and she accepted.